Nineteenth-century theatre

。第四面墙的概念由十八世紀法國哲學家德尼·狄德罗闡明，隨著戲劇現實主義（英语：Realism (theatre)）的發展，此概念在19世紀劇場（英语：Nineteenth-century theatre）當中流傳開去，延伸了虛構作品和閱聽者之間的虛構界限的這一想法。

Lowndes, William. The Theatre Royal at Bath. Redcliffe. 1982. ISBN 978-0-905459-49-3.  Marshall, Gail. Shakespeare in the Nineteenth Century. Cambridge University

ISBN 9780520226531. McCormick, John (1993). Popular Theatres of Nineteenth Century France. New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-08854-1. Netter, Marie-Laurence

Jumpin' Tom Thumb: Charles Stratton Onstage at the American Museum. Nineteenth Century Theatre and Film. 2004, 31 (2): 16–27. S2CID 191483430. doi:10.7227/nctf

（原始内容存档于2017-01-13）  Leah Goldberg（英语：Leah Goldberg）, Russian Literature in the Nineteenth Century: Essays, Magnes Press, 耶路撒冷希伯来大学: 163, 1976  In 1889, 24-year-old