Gilmore(英语:John Gilmore)、惠特菲爾德·迪菲、Radia Perlman(英语:Radia Perlman)、MarcTremblay(英语:MarcTremblay)以及Ned Freed(英语:Ned Freed)。 Callan Data Systems(英语:Callan Data
1990). Some recent data provided support for this estimate (Bagley and Tremblay, 1998), but most recent large national samples suggest that the prevalence