愛丁堡舉行。貝爾丹火焰節標誌著田園夏季的開始,牲口被趕進牧場。這些儀式是爲了保護牲口免受自然和超自然力量的傷害,儀式中象徵性地用到火。 Hutton, Ronald. The Stations of the Sun: A History of the Ritual Year in Britain. Oxford
of "Voodoo Dolls" in Ancient Greece. Classical Antiquity: 165–202. Hutton, Ronald. The Triumph of the Moon: A History of Modern Pagan Witchcraft. Oxford:
University of Kentucky Press. 2004. ISBN 0-8131-2289-9 (英语). RonaldHutton(英语:RonaldHutton). Stations of the Sun: A History of the Ritual Year in Britain
Silver Bough, Vol. 1–4. William MacLellan, Glasgow; Vol. 2, pp. 11–42 Hutton, Ronald (1996). The Stations of the Sun: A History of the Ritual Year in Britain