黑𫌀科(学名:Capniidae)[1],台湾称之为黑石蝇科,是𫌀翅目叉𫌀总科的成员。旧属丝翅亚目,今属北翅亚目。包括约300个物种,分布于全北界,是𫌀翅目成员最丰富的一个科。黑𫌀科与同属叉𫌀总科的卷𫌀科(Leuctridae;又名卷石蝇科)关系最密切[2][3]。
本科有不少物种都是一个细小范围内的特有种,这很有可能是因为山谷的隔绝,并使本科物种演化出对寒冷天气的忍耐,以及翅膀的退化[3]。事实上,在日本太浩湖的一些无翅膀的黑𫌀科物种,例如:"Capnia" lacustra(黑𫌀属(Capnia )不是单种属,这个物种可能属于其他属)又或Baikaloperla属的物种,终其一生均在水底下生活,完全没有从其栖息的湖往其他栖地扩散[4]。
下级分类
本科包括以下属:[5]
- Allocapnia Claassen, 1928
- Allocapnia Forbesi
- Allocapnia Minima
- Allocapnia Pygmaea
- Allocapnia Rickeri
- Apteroperla Matsumura, 1931
- Arsapnia Banks, 1897
- Baikaloperla Zapekina-Dulkeit & Zhiltzova, 1973
- Bolshecapnia Ricker, 1965
- Boshecapnia
- 黑𫌀属 Capnia Chen & Song, 2019
- Capnia Pictet, 1841
- Capniella Klapálek, 1920
- Capnioneura Ris, 1905
- Capnopsis Morton, 1896
- Capnura Banks, 1900
- Dobbertiniopteryx Ansorge, 1993
- Eocapnia Kawai, 1955
- Eucapnopsis Okamoto, 1922
- Eurekapnia Stark & Broome, 2019
- Isocapnia Banks, 1938
- Mesocapnia Raušer, 1968
- Nemocapnia Banks, 1938
- Paracapnia Hanson, 1946
- Rovnocapnia Sinitshenkova, 2009
- Sasquacapnia Baumann & Broome, 2019
- Sierracapnia Bottorff & Baumann, 2015
- Sinocapnia L.i.Murányi & Yang, 2015
- Takagripopteryx Okamoto, 1922
- Utacapnia Nebeker & Gaufin, 1967
- Zwicknia Murányi, 2014
参考文献
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