2015年爱尔兰修宪公民投票是爱尔兰政府于2015年5月22日在全国举办的涉及两项拟议修正案的公民投票。[1]两项修正案分别是第三十四号修正案：婚姻不分性别，第三十五号修正案：将爱尔兰总统候选人的最低年龄由原来的35岁降低至21岁。[2]
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同性婚姻
2006年12月，爱尔兰高等法院裁定：上议员Katherine Zappone和她的同性伴侣Ann Louise Gilligan不可以享受爱尔兰税法当中的夫妻报税优惠，因为爱尔兰宪法规定婚姻只能是一男一女的结合，就算她们在承认同性婚姻的加拿大已经办理结婚手续，但婚姻仍不被爱尔兰方面承认[3]。2011年大选之后，爱尔兰统一党和爱尔兰工党组成联合政府。之后联合政府为兑现之前的选举承诺，成立了一个宪法委员会来研究同性婚姻的可行性。2013年5月，委员会以微弱多数通过动议，建议政府推动修宪承认同性婚姻[4]。同年12月，爱尔兰总理恩达·肯尼表示，会在2015年5月22号就相关议题进行全民公投[5]。
下议院委员会阶段通过的爱尔兰盖尔语条文是：
Féadfaidh beirt, gan beann ar a ngnéas, conradh pósta a dhéanamh de réir dlí.
下议院辩论阶段通过的英文版条文是：
Marriage may be contracted in accordance with law by two persons without distinction as to their sex.
翻译成中文的意思是：
婚姻可以依两个性别无差异的人的意愿而依法构成。
根据爱尔兰《官方语言法》，当爱尔兰盖尔文版本同英文版本意思冲突的时候，以爱尔兰盖尔文版本为准。因此，当委员会辩论结束，公投条文第一次公布之后，记者兼专栏作家布鲁斯·阿诺德在《爱尔兰时报》上边发表文章，指出爱尔兰盖尔文版本容易引起歧义，令人认为“只有同性可以结婚，异性就不行”[6]。最后下议院辩论阶段后将条文修改成第二个版本：
Féadfaidh beirt, cibé acu is fir nó mná iad, conradh a dhéanamh i leith pósadh de réir dlí.
翻译成中文的意思是：
婚姻可以依两个人的意愿而依法构成，不论他们是不是同性都可以。[7]
该提议得到了政府以及所有主要政党的支持，[8][9][10]并获得62.07％选民的赞成。[11]
| 选项 | 票数 | % |
|---|---|---|
 支持
|
1,201,607 | 62.07 |
| 反对 | 734,300 | 37.93 |
| 有效票 | 1,935,907 | 99.29 |
| 无效或空白票 | 13,818 | 0.71 |
| 总票数 | 1,949,725 | 100.00 |
| 已登记选民及投票率 | 3,221,681 | 60.52 |
| 选区 | 选民 | 投票率（％） | 票数 | 票数比例 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 支持 | 反对 | 支持 | 反对 | |||
| Carlow–Kilkenny | 104,735 | 65.43% | 38,166 | 29,697 | 56.24% | 43.76% |
| Cavan–Monaghan | 99,265 | 57.19% | 28,494 | 27,763 | 50.65% | 49.35% |
| Clare | 81,809 | 59.44% | 28,137 | 20,154 | 58.27% | 41.73% |
| Cork East | 81,534 | 60.90% | 30,383 | 18,845 | 61.70% | 38.30% |
| Cork North-Central | 75,263 | 59.87% | 28,479 | 16,182 | 63.77% | 36.23% |
| Cork North-West | 62,118 | 62.80% | 22,388 | 16,298 | 57.90% | 42.10% |
| Cork South-Central | 92,422 | 63.86% | 38,591 | 20,072 | 65.78% | 34.22% |
| Cork South-West | 59,813 | 61.70% | 20,627 | 16,225 | 56.00% | 44.00% |
| Donegal North-East | 59,721 | 51.44% | 16,040 | 14,492 | 52.46% | 47.54% |
| Donegal South-West | 62,171 | 51.98% | 15,907 | 15,874 | 50.05% | 49.95% |
| Dublin Central | 57,193 | 57.98% | 23,861 | 9,108 | 72.37% | 27.63% |
| Dublin Mid-West | 67,091 | 63.39% | 29,984 | 12,291 | 70.93% | 29.07% |
| Dublin North | 72,523 | 65.83% | 34,494 | 13,009 | 72.61% | 27.39% |
| Dublin North-Central | 53,785 | 68.85% | 25,382 | 11,431 | 68.95% | 31.05% |
| Dublin North-East | 59,549 | 66.38% | 26,222 | 13,090 | 66.70% | 33.30% |
| Dublin North-West | 50,943 | 59.64% | 20,919 | 8,814 | 70.36% | 29.64% |
| Dublin South | 103,969 | 69.24% | 49,109 | 21,150 | 69.90% | 30.10% |
| Dublin South-Central | 80,406 | 60.56% | 34,988 | 13,418 | 72.28% | 27.72% |
| Dublin South-East | 59,376 | 58.02% | 25,655 | 8,594 | 74.91% | 25.09% |
| Dublin South-West | 71,232 | 63.41% | 32,010 | 12,901 | 71.27% | 28.73% |
| Dublin West | 65,643 | 64.36% | 29,690 | 12,350 | 70.62% | 29.38% |
| Dún Laoghaire | 80,176 | 67.05% | 38,284 | 15,168 | 71.62% | 28.38% |
| Galway East | 85,900 | 56.01% | 25,389 | 22,265 | 53.28% | 46.72% |
| Galway West | 95,180 | 55.18% | 32,037 | 20,053 | 61.50% | 38.50% |
| Kerry North–West Limerick | 62,523 | 57.21% | 19,678 | 15,808 | 55.45% | 44.55% |
| Kerry South | 57,524 | 58.19% | 18,357 | 14,831 | 55.31% | 44.69% |
| Kildare North | 79,014 | 62.05% | 33,960 | 14,782 | 69.67% | 30.33% |
| Kildare South | 60,384 | 58.41% | 23,199 | 11,861 | 66.17% | 33.83% |
| Laois–Offaly | 108,436 | 58.37% | 35,685 | 27,135 | 56.81% | 43.19% |
| Limerick | 64,100 | 58.51% | 20,322 | 16,797 | 54.75% | 45.25% |
| Limerick City | 61,421 | 63.30% | 24,789 | 13,855 | 64.15% | 35.85% |
| Longford–Westmeath | 87,425 | 54.77% | 25,445 | 22,025 | 53.60% | 46.40% |
| Louth | 102,561 | 59.92% | 38,758 | 22,313 | 63.46% | 36.54% |
| Mayo | 97,296 | 57.48% | 28,801 | 26,566 | 52.02% | 47.98% |
| Meath East | 64,956 | 59.68% | 24,525 | 14,025 | 63.62% | 36.38% |
| Meath West | 63,649 | 56.28% | 21,374 | 14,189 | 60.10% | 39.90% |
| Roscommon–South Leitrim | 59,392 | 61.49% | 17,615 | 18,644 | 48.58% | 51.42% |
| Sligo–North Leitrim | 62,031 | 57.78% | 19,043 | 16,502 | 53.57% | 46.43% |
| Tipperary North | 62,233 | 62.50% | 22,077 | 18,298 | 54.68% | 45.32% |
| Tipperary South | 56,060 | 59.30% | 19,203 | 15,012 | 54.69% | 45.31% |
| Waterford | 79,669 | 59.37% | 28,313 | 18,620 | 60.33% | 39.67% |
| Wexford | 111,474 | 57.82% | 40,692 | 23,298 | 63.59% | 36.41% |
| Wicklow | 94,275 | 68.77% | 44,059 | 20,382 | 68.37% | 31.63% |
| 总计 | 3,206,151 | 60.52% | 1,201,607 | 734,300 | 62.07% | 37.93% |
- 这次公投，有大量移居海外，但是保留爱尔兰国籍的爱尔兰人专程回到爱尔兰投票。他们在社交网站上用“#HometoVote”（“回家投票”）这个标签[14]。
- Roscommon–South Leitrim选区是唯一一个反对票多过赞成票的选区。
- 由于爱尔兰是第一个公投表决同性婚姻并获多数人支持的国家，因此这次公投案吸引到不少国际媒体注意。
总统候选人年龄
下议院辩论阶段通过的爱尔兰盖尔文条文是：
Is intofa chun oifig an Uachtaráin gach saoránach ag a bhfuil bliain agus fiche slán.
英文版的条文是：
Every citizen who has reached the age of twenty-one years is eligible for election to the office of President.
翻译成中文的意思是：
每一个年龄达到二十一岁的公民都有资格参选爱尔兰总统。
选民否决了将总统候选人年龄由35岁降低至21岁的提案[15]
| 选项 | 票数 | % |
|---|---|---|
 反对
|
1,412,602 | 73.06 |
| 支持 | 520,898 | 26.94 |
| 有效票 | 1,933,500 | 99.18 |
| 无效或空白票 | 15,938 | 0.82 |
| 总票数 | 1,949,438 | 100.00 |
| 已登记选民及投票率 | 3,221,681 | 60.52 |
参考资料
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