1873年恐慌

1873年恐慌（英语：Panic of 1873）是出发了1873年至1877年或1879年欧洲和北美经济萧条的金融危机，即长萧条。恐慌最初来自奥匈帝国维也纳，后扩散至欧美地区。

银行

各地状况

英属印度

在美国和几个欧洲殖民地发现大量白银引起了1873年恐慌，从而导致白银对黄金的价值下降，使印度的标准货币贬值。该事件被称为“卢比贬值”。

开普殖民地

在开普殖民地，恐慌导致破产、失业率上升、公共工程暂停，以及一直持续到 1886 年发现黄金的重大贸易衰退。^[1]

奥斯曼帝国

奥斯曼帝国的经济也受到了影响。对外贸易增长率下降，对外贸易条件恶化，小麦价格下跌影响了农民生产者，欧洲对奥斯曼财政的控制导致了海外巨额债务支付。长期萧条时期农业和总产的增长率也低于后期。^[2]

拉丁货币同盟

白银的普遍非货币化和贬值导致拉丁货币同盟在1873年暂停将白银转换为硬币。^{[来源请求]}

参考

1. Keith Tankard, "The Effects of the 'great depression' of the Late 19th Century on East London 1873-1887." South African Journal of Economic History (1991) 6#2 pp. 72-88.
2. Pamuk, Sevket. The Ottoman Empire in the 'Great Depression' of 1873–1896. Journal of Economic History. 1984, 44 (1): 107–118. S2CID 154752536. doi:10.1017/S0022050700031399.

来源

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• Wicker, Elmus. Banking panics of the gilded age (Cambridge University Press, 2006) contents

年鉴

• Appleton's Annual Cyclopedia...for 1873 (1879)载于Google图书
• Appleton's Annual Cyclopedia...for 1875 (1877)载于Google图书
• Appleton's Annual Cyclopedia...for 1876 (1885)载于Google图书
• Appleton's Annual Cyclopedia...for 1877 (1878)载于Google图书

外部链接