Martin, R Aidan, Batoids: Sawfishes, Guitarfishes, Electric Rays, Skates, and Sting Rays, Elasmo research, ReefQuest Centre for Shark Research, February 2010 [2015-05-03], (原始内容存档于2017-12-30).
McEachran, JD; Dunn, KA; Miyake, T, Interrelationships of the batoid fishes (Chondrichthyes: Batoidea), Interrelationships of Fishes, Academic Press, 1996.
McEachran, JD; Aschliman, N, Phylogeny of batoidea, Carrier, JC; Musick, JA; Heithaus, MR (编), Biology of sharks and their relatives, Boca Raton: CRC Press: 79–114, 2004.