鬣齿兽科(学名:Hyaenodontidae)是已灭绝的肉齿目下的一科,其下包含了几十属的动物。
此条目需要更新。 (2019年9月11日) |
鬣齿兽科于古新世晚期出现,并一直繁衍至中新世。[1]它们比相关的牛鬣兽科分布更为广泛及成功。[2]它们有长的头颅骨,幼长的身体,及倾向于跖行。它们肩高约30-140厘米。[2]当中的巨鬣齿兽可以重约500公斤,而大部份介乎于5-15公斤,如中等狗的大小。[3]它们的头颅骨化石显示它们有敏锐的嗅觉,而牙齿亦很适合撕开食物,而非咬碎。[2]
由于鬣齿兽科的不同体型,估计它们会以不同的方式来捕猎。细小的可能是成群的在夜间猎食,较大的则可能是单独于日间猎食的。它们的第二上及第三下臼齿是裂肉齿。
鬣齿兽科分布在北美洲至非洲[4][5],且是渐新世欧亚大陆、非洲及北美洲上非常重要的大型肉食动物,但后来不名食肉目而差不多在渐新世末完全消失。其中只有四个属,包括伟鬣兽属、Hyainailouros、Dissopsalis及鬣齿兽属下的Hyaenodon weilini,生存至中新世,而当中只有Dissopsalis可以延续至中新世末期。
分类学与属
- 鬣齿兽目 Hyaenodonta
- 鬣齿兽科 Hyaenodontidae[6]
- 鬣齿兽亚科 Hyaenodontinae
- 鬣齿兽属 Hyaenodon
- Genus Isohyaenodon
- Genus Metapterodon
- Genus Neoparapterodon
- Genus Pyrocyon
- Subfamily Hyainailourinae
- Genus Akhnatenavus
- Genus Anasinopa
- Genus Apterodon (syn. Dasyurodon)
- Genus Buhakia
- Genus Dissopsalis
- Genus Francotherium
- Genus Hyainailouros (syn. Sivapterodon),
- 伟鬣兽属 Megistotherium
- Genus Metasinopa
- Genus Pterodon
- Subfamily Limnocyoninae
- Genus Iridodon
- Genus Limnocyon (syn. Telmatocyon)
- Genus Oxyaenodon
- Genus Prolimnocyon
- Genus Thinocyon
- Subfamily Proviverrinae
- Genus Allopterodon
- Genus Arfia
- Genus Boualitomus
- Genus Cynohyaenodon
- Genus Eurotherium
- Genus Indohyaenodon
- Genus Kyawdawia
- Genus Leonhardtina
- Genus Masrasector
- Genus Paracynohyaenodon
- Genus Paratritemnodon
- Genus Prodissopsalis
- Genus Prototomus
- Genus Proviverra
- Genus Sinopa (syn. Stypolophus, Triacodon)
- Genus Tinerhodon
- Incertae sedis
- Genus Acarictis
- Genus Alienetherium
- Genus Consobrinus
- Genus Galecyon
- Genus Gazinocyon
- Genus Geiselotherium
- Genus Hemipsalodon
- Genus Hyaenodontipus
- Genus Imperatoria
- Genus Ischnognathus
- Genus Leakitherium
- Genus Orienspterodon
- Genus Oxyaenoides
- Genus Paenoxyaenoides
- Genus Parapterodon
- Genus Paravagula
- Genus Paroxyaena
- Genus Praecodens
- Genus Prolaena
- Genus Propterodon
- Genus Proviverroides
- Genus Quasiapterodon
- Genus Quercitherium
- Genus Schizophagus
- Genus Teratodon
- Genus Thereutherium
- Genus Tritemnodon
- Genus Yarshea
- 鬣齿兽亚科 Hyaenodontinae
- 鬣齿兽科 Hyaenodontidae[6]
The Machaeroidinae are sometimes placed here, e.g. by Egi, 2001.[7]
类剑齿虎亚科有时亦被分类在鬣齿兽科中。[3]
参考
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