阿尔冈昆语族（英语：Algonquian languages）是美洲原住民语言的一支，是阿尔吉克语系下最主要的一个语族。使用者从北美洲东岸一直延伸到落基山脉。大约2,500到3,000年前，人们使用了该语族所有语言的祖语——原始阿尔冈昆语。对于使用该语言的地方，学术界还没有达成共识。语族下不少语言处于濒危，有一些已经消亡。
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