在发电过剩时向邻国电网输出电力,并在需要时再进口的做法通常可行。这种做法在欧洲[81]以及美国和加拿大之间很常见。[82]与其他电网的整合可降低间歇性电力的有效集中度:例如丹麦有很高的间歇性再生能源渗透率,但相较于互连的德国/荷兰/斯堪的纳维亚电网(英语:Governance of hydropower in Scandinavia)(由瑞典/丹麦/挪威三国水力发电网组成)电网,其占比要低很多。对于间歇性电力造成的波动,跨国的水力发电可发挥调节作用。。[83]
Diesendorf, Mark. The Base-Load Fallacy(PDF). Institute of Environmental Studies. www.energyscience.org.au. August 2007 [2008-10-18]. (原始内容(PDF)存档于2008-07-08).
Sharman, Hugh. Why wind power works for Denmark. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Civil Engineering. May 2005, 158 (2): 66–72. doi:10.1680/cien.2005.158.2.66.
Nedic, Dusko; Anser Shakoor; Goran Strbac; Mary Black; Jim Watson; Catherine Mitchell. Security assessment of future UK electricity scenarios(PDF). Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research. July 2005 [2008-10-20]. (原始内容(PDF)存档于2007-01-11).
Fridgen, Gilbert; Körner, Marc-Fabian; Walters, Steffen; Weibelzahl, Martin. Not All Doom and Gloom: How Energy-Intensive and Temporally Flexible Data Center Applications May Actually Promote Renewable Energy Sources. Business & Information Systems Engineering. 2021-03-09, 63 (3): 243–256. ISSN 2363-7005. S2CID 233664180. doi:10.1007/s12599-021-00686-z. hdl:10419/287421(英语). To gain applicable knowledge, this paper evaluates the developed model by means of two use-cases with real-world data, namely AWS computing instances for training Machine Learning algorithms and Bitcoin mining as relevant DC applications. The results illustrate that for both cases the NPV of the IES compared to a stand-alone RES-plant increases, which may lead to a promotion of RES-plants.
Rhodes, Joshua. Is Bitcoin Inherently Bad For The Environment?. Forbes. [2022-01-16](英语). Mining and transacting cryptocurrencies, such as bitcoin, do present energy and emissions challenges, but new research shows that there are possible pathways to mitigate some of these issues if cryptocurrency miners are willing to operate in a way to compliment the deployment of more low-carbon energy.
Green Bitcoin Does Not Have to Be an Oxymoron. news.bloomberglaw.com. [2022-01-16](英语). One way to invest in Bitcoin that has a positive effect on renewable energy is to encourage mining operations near wind or solar sites. This provides a customer for power that might otherwise need to be transmitted or stored, saving money as well as carbon.
Moffit, Tim. Beyond Boom and Bust: An emerging clean energy economy in Wyoming. 2021-06-01 (英语). Currently, projects are under development, but the issue of overgenerated wind continues to exist. By harnessing the overgenerated wind for Bitcoin mining, Wyoming has the opportunity to redistribute the global hashrate, incentivize Bitcoin miners to move their operations to Wyoming, and stimulate job growth as a result.
Rennie, Ellie. Climate change and the legitimacy of Bitcoin. Rochester, NY. 2021-11-07. S2CID 244155800. SSRN 3961105请检查|ssrn=的值 (帮助). doi:10.2139/ssrn.3961105(英语). In responding to these pressures and events, some miners are providing services and innovations that may help the viability of clean energy infrastructures for energy providers and beyond, including the data and computing industry. The paper finds that if Bitcoin loses legitimacy as a store of value, then it may result in lost opportunities to accelerate sustainable energy infrastructures and markets.
Eid, Bilal; Islam, Md Rabiul; Shah, Rakibuzzaman; Nahid, Abdullah-Al; Kouzani, Abbas Z.; Mahmud, M. A. Parvez. Enhanced Profitability of Photovoltaic Plants By Utilizing Cryptocurrency-Based Mining Load. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity. 2021-11-01, 31 (8): 1–5. Bibcode:2021ITAS...3196503E. ISSN 1558-2515. S2CID 237245955. doi:10.1109/TASC.2021.3096503. hdl:20.500.11782/2513. The grid connected photovoltaic (PV) power plants (PVPPs) are booming nowadays. The main problem facing the PV power plants deployment is the intermittency which leads to instability of the grid. [...] This paper investigating the usage of a customized load - cryptocurrency mining rig - to create an added value for the owner of the plant and increase the ROI of the project. [...] The developed strategy is able to keep the profitability as high as possible during the fluctuation of the mining network.
Bastian-Pinto, Carlos L.; Araujo, Felipe V. de S.; Brandão, Luiz E.; Gomes, Leonardo L. Hedging renewable energy investments with Bitcoin mining. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2021-03-01, 138: 110520. ISSN 1364-0321. S2CID 228861639. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2020.110520(英语). Windfarms can hedge electricity price risk by investing in Bitcoin mining. [...] These findings, which can also be applied to other renewable energy sources, may be of interest to both the energy generator as well as the system regulator as it creates an incentive for early investment in sustainable and renewable energy sources.
Shan, Rui; Sun, Yaojin. Bitcoin Mining to Reduce the Renewable Curtailment: A Case Study of Caiso. Rochester, NY. 2019-08-07. S2CID 219382864. SSRN 3436872. doi:10.2139/ssrn.3436872(英语). The enormous energy demand from Bitcoin mining is a considerable burden to achieve the climate agenda and the energy cost is the major operation cost. On the other side, with high penetration of renewable resources, the grid makes curtailment for reliability reasons, which reduces both economic and environment benefits from renewable energy. Deploying the Bitcoin mining machines at renewable power plants can mitigate both problems.
Benitez, Pablo C.; Lilianna E. Dragulescu; G. Cornelis Van Kooten. The Economics of Wind Power with Energy Storage. Resource Economics and Policy Analysis (REPA) Research Group (Department of Economics, University of Victoria). February 2006 [2008-10-20].
Nyenah, Emmanuel; Sterl, Sebastian; Thiery, Wim. Pieces of a puzzle: solar-wind power synergies on seasonal and diurnal timescales tend to be excellent worldwide. Environmental Research Communications. 2022, 4 (5): 055011. Bibcode:2022ERCom...4e5011N. S2CID 249227821. doi:10.1088/2515-7620/ac71fb.
Accelerating Grid Integration. www.usaid.gov. 2022-02-17 [2022-03-31](英语). Grid modernization reduces medium- to long-term curtailment, stagnation of large-scale renewable energy deployment, reduces long-term costs, and enables new business models, such as electric vehicles (EVs), aggregation, demand-side management, and distributed energy resources. It also promotes regional market coordination and power system integration which can unlock billions of dollars in electricity revenue through cross-border trade.