没有辐射损伤的锆石可以在极高温的环境(约900 °C 以上)以外完整保留铀和钍放射衰变产生的铅,但是铀高度聚集区域产生的辐射损伤会使锆石在低温下保留铅的能力大幅下降[17]。锆石的化学性质相当稳定,并且对机械风化抵抗能力甚高,这对地质年代学家而言是喜忧参半的。锆石在母岩熔化时部分区域以至整个晶体仍不会被破坏,可完整保留铀和铅同位素量以定年。形成时间甚久,并且经历地质事件相当复杂的锆石晶体可包含多个形成年代差异甚大的区域(通常是类似树轮的晶体中核心区域最古老,最外围区域最年轻的结构。)[7],并且不同区域会纪录不同时期的岩石状态。这种复杂状况的解决方式(取决于保留铅的最高温度,也可存在于其他矿物内)通常是使用离子探针(二次离子质谱法(英语:Secondary ion mass spectrometry),SIMS)[18][19]或雷射感应耦合电浆质谱法(英语:Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry)(ICP-MS)[20]。
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