锇（76Os）有七种天然存在的同位素，其中五种稳定，分别是187Os、188Os、189Os、190Os和最常见的192Os。另外两种同位素184Os和186Os虽然有放射性，但它们极长的半衰期（分别为1.12×1013年和2×1015年）使它们在实际用途中可以看作是稳定同位素。作为187Re（半衰期4.56×1010年）衰变产物的187Os可在铼锇测年法中测量陨石的年龄。
Quick Facts 同位素, 衰变 ...
主要的锇同位素
| 同位素
|
衰变
|
|
|
丰度
|
半衰期 (t1/2)
|
方式
|
能量
（MeV）
|
产物
|
| 184Os
|
0.02%
|
7013112000000000000♠1.12×1013 年[1]
|
α
|
2.958
|
180W
|
| 186Os
|
1.59%
|
2.0×1015 年
|
α
|
2.822
|
182W
|
| 187Os
|
1.96%
|
稳定，带111粒中子
|
| 188Os
|
13.24%
|
稳定，带112粒中子
|
| 189Os
|
16.15%
|
稳定，带113粒中子
|
| 190Os
|
26.26%
|
稳定，带114粒中子
|
| 192Os
|
40.78%
|
稳定，带116粒中子
|
| 194Os
|
人造
|
6.0 年
|
β−
|
0.097
|
194Ir
| |
| 标准原子质量 (Ar, 标准) | |
|---|
|
|
|
Close
除了七种天然存在的同位素以外，锇还有30种人造同位素，[3]其中最长寿的是半衰期六年的194Os。锇还有九种同核异构体，其中191mOs最稳定，半衰期13.10小时。锇所有的同位素理论上都有放射性，但仍未被观测到。
More information 符号, Z ...
| 符号
|
Z
|
N
|
同位素质量（u）
[n 1][n 2]
|
半衰期
[n 2][n 3]
|
衰变
方式[4]
|
衰变
产物
[n 4][n 5]
|
原子核
自旋[n 1]
|
相对丰度
（莫耳分率）[n 2]
|
相对丰度
的变化量
（莫耳分率）
|
| 激发能量[n 2]
|
| 161Os
|
76
|
85
|
|
0.64(6) ms
|
α
|
157W
|
|
|
|
| 162Os
|
76
|
86
|
161.98443(54)#
|
1.87(18) ms
|
α
|
158W
|
0+
|
|
|
| 163Os
|
76
|
87
|
162.98269(43)#
|
5.5(6) ms
|
α
|
159W
|
7/2−#
|
|
|
| β+, p （不常见）
|
162W
|
| β+ （不常见）
|
163Re
|
| 164Os
|
76
|
88
|
163.97804(22)
|
21(1) ms
|
α (98%)
|
160W
|
0+
|
|
|
| β+ (2%)
|
164Re
|
| 165Os
|
76
|
89
|
164.97676(22)#
|
71(3) ms
|
α (60%)
|
161W
|
(7/2−)
|
|
|
| β+ (40%)
|
165Re
|
| 166Os
|
76
|
90
|
165.972691(20)
|
216(9) ms
|
α (72%)
|
162W
|
0+
|
|
|
| β+ (28%)
|
166Re
|
| 167Os
|
76
|
91
|
166.97155(8)
|
810(60) ms
|
α (67%)
|
163W
|
3/2−#
|
|
|
| β+ (33%)
|
167Re
|
| 168Os
|
76
|
92
|
167.967804(13)
|
2.06(6) s
|
β+ (51%)
|
168Re
|
0+
|
|
|
| α (49%)
|
164W
|
| 169Os
|
76
|
93
|
168.967019(27)
|
3.40(9) s
|
β+ (89%)
|
169Re
|
3/2−#
|
|
|
| α (11%)
|
165W
|
| 170Os
|
76
|
94
|
169.963577(12)
|
7.46(23) s
|
β+ (91.4%)
|
170Re
|
0+
|
|
|
| α (8.6%)
|
176W
|
| 171Os
|
76
|
95
|
170.963185(20)
|
8.3(2) s
|
β+ (98.3%)
|
171Re
|
(5/2−)
|
|
|
| α (1.7%)
|
167W
|
| 172Os
|
76
|
96
|
171.960023(16)
|
19.2(5) s
|
β+ (98.9%)
|
172Re
|
0+
|
|
|
| α (1.1%)
|
168W
|
| 173Os
|
76
|
97
|
172.959808(16)
|
22.4(9) s
|
β+ (99.6%)
|
173Re
|
(5/2−)
|
|
|
| α (.4%)
|
169W
|
| 174Os
|
76
|
98
|
173.957062(12)
|
44(4) s
|
β+ (99.97%)
|
174Re
|
0+
|
|
|
| α (.024%)
|
170W
|
| 175Os
|
76
|
99
|
174.956946(15)
|
1.4(1) min
|
β+
|
175Re
|
(5/2−)
|
|
|
| 176Os
|
76
|
100
|
175.95481(3)
|
3.6(5) min
|
β+
|
176Re
|
0+
|
|
|
| 177Os
|
76
|
101
|
176.954965(17)
|
3.0(2) min
|
β+
|
177Re
|
1/2−
|
|
|
| 178Os
|
76
|
102
|
177.953251(18)
|
5.0(4) min
|
β+
|
178Re
|
0+
|
|
|
| 179Os
|
76
|
103
|
178.953816(19)
|
6.5(3) min
|
β+
|
179Re
|
(1/2−)
|
|
|
| 180Os
|
76
|
104
|
179.952379(22)
|
21.5(4) min
|
β+
|
180Re
|
0+
|
|
|
| 181Os
|
76
|
105
|
180.95324(3)
|
105(3) min
|
β+
|
181Re
|
1/2−
|
|
|
| 181m1Os
|
48.9(2) keV
|
2.7(1) min
|
β+
|
181Re
|
(7/2)−
|
|
|
| 181m2Os
|
156.5(7) keV
|
316(18) ns
|
|
|
(9/2)+
|
|
|
| 182Os
|
76
|
106
|
181.952110(23)
|
22.10(25) h
|
ε
|
182Re
|
0+
|
|
|
| 183Os
|
76
|
107
|
182.95313(5)
|
13.0(5) h
|
β+
|
183Re
|
9/2+
|
|
|
| 183mOs
|
170.71(5) keV
|
9.9(3) h
|
β+ (85%)
|
183Re
|
1/2−
|
|
|
| IT (15%)
|
183Os
|
| 184Os
|
76
|
108
|
183.9524891(14)
|
1.12(23)×1013 y[1]
|
α[n 6]
|
180W
|
0+
|
2(1)×10−4
|
|
| 185Os
|
76
|
109
|
184.9540423(14)
|
93.6(5) d
|
ε
|
185Re
|
1/2−
|
|
|
| 185m1Os
|
102.3(7) keV
|
3.0(4) µs
|
|
|
(7/2−)#
|
|
|
| 185m2Os
|
275.7(8) keV
|
0.78(5) µs
|
|
|
(11/2+)
|
|
|
| 186Os[n 7]
|
76
|
110
|
185.9538382(15)
|
2.0(11)×1015 y
|
α
|
182W
|
0+
|
0.0159(3)
|
|
| 187Os[n 8]
|
76
|
111
|
186.9557505(15)
|
观测上稳定[n 9]
|
1/2−
|
0.0196(2)
|
|
| 188Os[n 8]
|
76
|
112
|
187.9558382(15)
|
观测上稳定[n 10]
|
0+
|
0.1324(8)
|
|
| 189Os
|
76
|
113
|
188.9581475(16)
|
观测上稳定[n 11]
|
3/2−
|
0.1615(5)
|
|
| 189mOs
|
30.812(15) keV
|
5.81(6) h
|
IT
|
189Os
|
9/2−
|
|
|
| 190Os
|
76
|
114
|
189.9584470(16)
|
观测上稳定[n 12]
|
0+
|
0.2626(2)
|
|
| 190mOs
|
1705.4(2) keV
|
9.9(1) min
|
IT
|
190Os
|
(10)−
|
|
|
| 191Os
|
76
|
115
|
190.9609297(16)
|
15.4(1) d
|
β−
|
191Ir
|
9/2−
|
|
|
| 191mOs
|
74.382(3) keV
|
13.10(5) h
|
IT
|
191Os
|
3/2−
|
|
|
| 192Os
|
76
|
116
|
191.9614807(27)
|
观测上稳定[n 13]
|
0+
|
0.4078(19)
|
|
| 192mOs
|
2015.40(11) keV
|
5.9(1) s
|
IT (87%)
|
192Os
|
(10−)
|
|
|
| β− (13%)
|
192Ir
|
| 193Os
|
76
|
117
|
192.9641516(27)
|
30.11(1) h
|
β−
|
193Ir
|
3/2−
|
|
|
| 194Os
|
76
|
118
|
193.9651821(28)
|
6.0(2) y
|
β−
|
194Ir
|
0+
|
|
|
| 195Os
|
76
|
119
|
194.96813(54)
|
6.5 min
|
β−
|
195Ir
|
3/2−#
|
|
|
| 196Os
|
76
|
120
|
195.96964(4)
|
34.9(2) min
|
β−
|
196Ir
|
0+
|
|
|
| 197Os
|
76
|
121
|
|
2.8(6) min
|
|
|
|
|
|
Close
画上#号的数据代表没有经过实验的证明，仅为理论推测。
Peters, Stefan T.M.; Münker, Carsten; Becker, Harry; Schulz, Toni. Alpha-decay of 184Os revealed by radiogenic 180W in meteorites: Half life determination and viability as geochronometer. Earth and Planetary Science Letters. April 2014, 391: 69–76. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2014.01.030.
- Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Pure Appl. Chem. Vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 683-800, (2003) and Atomic Weights Revised (2005) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.
