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钳蝎科（学名：Buthidae）又通称为木蝎或粗尾蝎，是蝎子的一科。
钳蝎科 化石时期： 始新世至现代
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科学分类 
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| 界： | 动物界 Animalia |
| 门： | 节肢动物门 Arthropoda |
| 纲： | 蛛形纲 Arachnida |
| 目： | 蝎目 Scorpiones |
| 亚目： | 新蝎亚目 Neoscorpionina |
| 下目： | 直胸下目 Orthosterni |
| 小目： | 钳蝎小目 Buthida |
| 总科： | 钳蝎总科 Buthoidea |
| 科： | 钳蝎科 Buthidae C. L. Koch, 1837 |
| 异名 [1] | |
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本科包括以下属：[2]
- Aegaeobuthus Kovarik, 2019
- Afroisometrus Kovarik, 1997
- Afrolychas Kovarik, 2019
- Akentrobuthus Lamoral, 1976
- Alayotityus Armas, 1973
- Ananteris Thorell, 1891
- Ananteroides Borelli, 1911
- 肥尾蝎属 Androctonus Ehrenberg, 1828
- Anomalobuthus Kraepelin, 1900
- Anomalobuthus krivochatskyi Teruel, Kovarik & Fet, 2018
- Anomalobuthus lowei Teruel, Kovarik & Fet, 2018
- Anomalobuthus pavlovskyi Teruel, Kovarik & Fet, 2018
- Anomalobuthus rickmersi Kraepelin, 1900
- Anomalobuthus talebii Teruel, Kovarik, Navidpour & Fet, 2014
- Anomalobuthus zarudnyi (Birula, 1911)
- Apistobuthus Finnegan, 1932
- Archaeoananteroides Lourenço, 2016
- Australobuthus Locket, 1990
- Babycurus Karsch, 1886
- Baloorthochirus Kovarik, 1996
- Barbaracurus Kovarik, Lowe & Stahlavsky, 2018
- Birulatus Vachon, 1974
- Bulbotrachystola
- Buthacus Birula, 1908
- Butheoloides Hirst, 1925
- Butheolus Simon, 1882
- Buthiscus Birula, 1905
- Buthoscorpio Werner, 1936
- 钳蝎属 Buthus Leach, 1815
- 刺蝎属 Centruroides Marx, 1890
- Chaneke Francke, Teruel & Santibanez-Lopez, 2014
- Charmus Karsch, 1879
- Cicileiurus Teruel, 2007
- Cicileus Vachon, 1948
- Compsobuthus Vachon, 1949
- Congobuthus Lourenço, 1999
- Darchenia Vachon, 1977
- Egyptobuthus Lourenço, 1999
- Egyptobuthus vaissadei Lourenço, 1999
- Femtobuthus Lowe, 2010
- Fetilinia Lowe & Kovarik, 2021
- Gint Kovarik, Lowe, Pliskova & Stahlavsky, 2013
- Grosphus Simon, 1880
- Hemibuthus Pocock, 1900
- Hemilychas Hirst, 1911
- Heteroctenus Pocock, 1893
- Himalayotityobuthus Lourenço, 1997
- Hoplocystis Karsch, 1884
- Hottentotta Birula, 1908
- Iranobuthus Kovarik, 1997
- Ischnotelson Esposito, Yamaguti, Souza, Pinto da Rocha & Prendini, 2017
- Isometroides Keyserling, 1885
- 等蝎属 Isometrus Ehrenberg, 1828
- Jaguajir Esposito, Yamaguti, Souza, Pinto da Rocha & Prendini, 2017
- Jaguajir agamemnon (C.L.Koch, 1839)
- Jaguajir pintoi (Mello-Leitao, 1932)
- Jaguajir rochae (Borelli, 1910)
- Janalychas Kovarik, 2019
- Karasbergia Hewitt, 1913
- Kraepelinia Vachon, 1974
- Lanzatus Kovarik, 2001
- 金蝎属 Leiurus Ehrenberg, 1828
- Liobuthus Birula, 1898
- Lissothus Vachon, 1948
- Lychas C.L.Koch, 1845
- Lychasioides Vachon, 1974
- Lychasoides Vachon, 1974
- Mauritanobuthus Qi & Lourenço, 2007
- Mesobuthus Vachon, 1950
- Mesotityus Gonzalez-Sponga, 1981
- Microananteris Lourenço, 2003
- Microbuthus Kraepelin, 1898
- 微戾蝎属 Microtityus Kjellesvig-Waering, 1966
- Nanobuthus Pocock, 1895
- Neobuthus Hirst, 1911
- Neogrosphus Lourenço, 1995
- Odontobuthus Vachon, 1950
- Odonturus Karsch, 1879
- Olivierus Farzanpay, 1987
- Orthochiroides Kovarik, 1998
- Orthochirus Karsch, 1891
- Palaeoakentrobuthus Lourenço & Weitschat, 2000
- Palaeoananteris Lourenço & Weitschat, 2001
- Palaeogrosphus Lourenço, 2000
- Palaeoisometrus Lourenço & Weitschat, 2005
- Palaeolychas Lourenço & Weitschat, 1996
- Palaeoprotobuthus Lourenço & Weitschat, 2000
- Palaeospinobuthus Lourenço & Weitschat, 2005
- Palaeotityobuthus Lourenco & Weitschat, 2000
- Pantobuthus Lourenço & Duhem, 2009
- 粗尾蝎属 Parabuthus Pocock, 1890
- Pectinibuthus Fet, 1984
- Physoctonus Mello-Leitao, 1934
- Picobuthus Lowe, 2010
- Plesiobuthus Pocock, 1900
- Polisius Fet, Capes & Sissom, 2001
- Psammobuthus Birula, 1911
- Pseudolissothus Lourenço, 2001
- Pseudolychas Kraepelin, 1911
- Pseudouroplectes Lourenço, 1995
- Razianus Farzanpay, 1987
- Reddyanus Vachon, 1972
- Rhopalurus Thorell, 1876
- Saharobuthus Lourenço & Duhem, 2009
- Sassanidotus Farzanpay, 1987
- Somalibuthus Kovarik, 1998
- Somalicharmus Kovarik, 1998
- Spelaeolychas Kovarik, 2019
- Teruelius Lowe & Kovařík, 2019
- Thaicharmus Kovarik, 1995
- Thaicharmus guptai Mirza, Sanap & Kunte, 2016
- Thaicharmus indicus Kovarik, 2013
- Thaicharmus lowei Kovarik, Soleglad & Fet, 2007
- Thaicharmus mahunkai Kovarik, 1995[3]
- Tityobuthus Pocock, 1893
- Tityopsis Armas, 1974
- 蛛蝎属 Tityus C.L.Koch, 1836
- Troglorhopalurus Lourenço, Baptista & Giupponi, 2004
- Troglotityobuthus Lourenço, 2000
- Trypanothacus Lowe, Kovarik, Stockmann & Stahlavsky, 2019
- 犹因他蝎属 Uintascorpio Perry, 1985
- Uroplectes Peters, 1861
- Uroplectoides Lourenço, 1998
- Vachoniolus Levy, Amitai & Shulov, 1973
- Vachonus Tikader & Bastawade, 1983
- Xenobuthus Lowe, 2018
- Zabius Thorell, 1893
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