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“草头”重定向至此。关于汉字部首，请见“艸部”。
提示：此条目页的主题不是紫花苜蓿。
其中模式种就是作为牧草的紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa）。属于牲畜饲料。
属名Medicago源于希腊语medike（豆科一种植物，一说是苜蓿）和ago（相似）的合成词。
苜蓿早期仅供牲畜食用，为很常见的一种牧草，后来发现苜蓿的营养价值后开始当生菜供人食用，不过苜蓿芽有非常强烈的草腥味。每百克鲜菜含维生素C：118毫克；钙：713毫克；铁：9.7毫克；硒：8.5毫克。
原产地是外高加索、小亚细亚、伊朗一带。司马迁在《史记· 大宛列传》： “宛左右以蒲陶为酒，富人藏酒至万馀石，久者十岁不败。俗嗜酒，马嗜苜蓿。汉使取其实来，于是天子始种苜蓿、葡萄肥饶地。及天马多，外国使来众，则离宫别观旁尽种葡萄、苜蓿极望。”北魏杨衒之《洛阳伽蓝记》载:（洛阳城）“ 大夏门东北，今为光风园，苜蓿生焉。” 明朱橚《救荒本草》:“ 张骞自大宛带种归，今处处有自。”
《西京杂记》“乐游范自生玫瑰树下多苜蓿，首蓿一名怀风，时人或谓之光风，风在其问常箫萧然，日照其花有光采，故名苜蓿为怀风，茂陵人谓之连枝草。”
本属属于蝶形花亚科，被归类于车轴草族，有时被细分为几个组（节）：
- 木本苜蓿组 Dendrotelis (Vass.) Lassen
- 天蓝苜蓿组 Lupularia Ser.
- 紫苜蓿组 Medicago
- 阔荚苜蓿组 Platycarpae Trautv.
- 南苜蓿组 Spirocarpos Ser.
- 褐斑苜蓿 Medicago arabica (L.) Huds.
- 木本苜蓿 Medicago arborea L.
- 青海苜蓿 Medicago archiducis-nicolai Širj.
- Medicago arenicola (Hub.-Mor.) E.Small
- Medicago astroites (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Trautv.
- Medicago biflora (Griseb.) E.Small
- Medicago × blancheana Boiss.
- Medicago bonarotiana Arcang.
- Medicago brachycarpa Fisch. ex M.Bieb.
- Medicago × canariensis Benth.
- Medicago cancellata M.Bieb.
- Medicago carica (Hub.-Mor.) E.Small
- Medicago carstiensis Wulfen
- Medicago × casellasii P.Monts.
- Medicago constricta Durieu
- Medicago coronata (L.) Bartal.
- Medicago crassipes (Boiss.) E.Small
- Medicago cretacea M.Bieb.
- Medicago daghestanica Rupr. ex Boiss.
- Medicago disciformis DC.
- Medicago doliata Carmign.
- 毛荚苜蓿 Medicago edgeworthii Širj.
- Medicago falcata L.
- Medicago fischeriana (Ser.) Trautv.
- Medicago globosa C.Presl
- Medicago granadensis Willd.
- Medicago halophila (Boiss.) E.Small
- Medicago heldreichii E.Small
- Medicago heyniana Greuter
- Medicago huberi E.Small
- Medicago hybrida (Pourr.) Trautv.
- Medicago hypogaea E.Small
- Medicago intertexta (L.) Mill.
- Medicago isthmocarpa (Boiss. & Balansa) E.Small
- Medicago laciniata (L.) Mill.
- Medicago lanigera C.Winkl. & B.Fedtsch.
- Medicago laxispira Heyn
- Medicago lessingii Fisch. & C.A.Mey. ex Kar.
- Medicago littoralis Rohde ex Loisel.
- 天蓝苜蓿 Medicago lupulina L.
- Medicago makranica Heyn
- Medicago marina L.
- Medicago medicaginoides (Retz.) E.Small
- 小苜蓿 Medicago minima (L.) Bartal.
- Medicago × mixta Sennholz
- Medicago monantha (C.A.Mey.) Trautv.
- Medicago monspeliaca (L.) Trautv.
- Medicago murex Willd.
- Medicago muricoleptis Tineo
- Medicago noeana Boiss.
- 扣形苜蓿 Medicago orbicularis (L.) Bartal.
- Medicago orthoceras (Kar. & Kir.) Trautv.
- Medicago ovalis (Boiss.) Urb.
- Medicago pamphylica (Hub.-Mor. & Širj.) E.Small
- Medicago papillosa Boiss.
- Medicago persica (Boiss.) E.Small
- Medicago phrygia (Boiss. & Balansa) E.Small
- Medicago pironae Vis.
- 阔荚苜蓿 Medicago platycarpos (L.) Trautv.
- Medicago plicata (Boiss.) Širj.
- Medicago polyceratia (L.) Sauvages ex Trautv.
- 南苜蓿 Medicago polymorpha L.
- Medicago popovii (Korovin) Širj.
- 早花苜蓿 Medicago praecox DC.
- Medicago prostrata Jacq.
- Medicago radiata L.
- Medicago retrorsa (Boiss.) E.Small
- Medicago rhodopea Velen.
- Medicago rhytidiocarpa (Boiss. & Balansa) E.Small
- Medicago rigida (Boiss. & Balansa) E.Small
- Medicago rigidula (L.) All.
- Medicago rigiduloides E.Small
- Medicago rostrata (Boiss. & Balansa) E.Small
- Medicago rotata Boiss.
- Medicago rugosa Desr.
- Medicago rupestris M.Bieb.
- 花苜蓿 Medicago ruthenica (L.) Trautv.
- Medicago × sabulensis H.Lév.
- 紫花苜蓿 Medicago sativa L.
- Medicago sauvagei Nègre
- Medicago saxatilis M.Bieb.
- Medicago scutellata (L.) Mill.
- Medicago secundiflora Durieu
- Medicago shepardii Post ex Boiss.
- Medicago sinskiae Uljanova
- Medicago soleirolii Duby
- Medicago sphaerocarpos Bertol.
- Medicago suffruticosa Ramond ex DC.
- Medicago syriaca E.Small
- Medicago tenoreana Ser.
- Medicago tetraprostrata J.S.Erikss. & B.E.Pfeil
- Medicago tornata (L.) Mill.
- 蒺藜苜蓿 Medicago truncatula Gaertn.
- Medicago turbinata (L.) All.
- 杂交苜蓿 Medicago × varia Martyn
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