苔原狼

苔原狼
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	脊索动物门 Chordata
纲：	哺乳纲 Mammalia
目：	食肉目 Carnivora
科：	犬科 Canidae
属：	犬属 Canis
种：	狼 C. lupus
亚种：	苔原狼 C. l. albus
三名法
	Canis lupus albus; Kerr，1792
	苔原狼分布范围
异名
	dybowskii (Domaniewski, 1926); kamtschaticus (Dybowski, 1922); turuchanensis (Ognev, 1923);

苔原狼（学名：Canis lupus albus）是一个原于欧亚大陆苔原地带和从芬兰至堪察加半岛丛林苔原地带的灰狼亚种^[2]。1792年由罗伯特·克尔（英语：Robert Kerr (writer)）对苔原狼进行首次描述，描述其居住在叶尼塞河周围，并且有着价值非常高的皮毛^[3]。

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苔原狼是一个相对较大的亚种，毛非常长，浓密、蓬松和柔软。毛色通常呈浅灰色。下层皮毛是深灰色的，而上层皮毛则是灰红色的。雄性成年苔原狼的平均身长为118-137厘米，而雌性则为112-136厘米。虽然有些文献提到苔原狼的体型比欧亚狼大，但根据近期数据显示欧亚狼的体重比苔原狼更重。雄性苔原狼的平均体重为40-49公斤，雌性为36.6-41公斤。1951至1961年间，共在泰梅尔半岛和卡宁半岛捕捉了500头狼，其中体型最大的是在泰梅尔半岛杜德普塔河北部捕捉的一只雄性老年狼，其体重达到了51公斤^[4]。

苔原狼通常栖息在河谷、灌木丛和森林中的空旷地区^[5]。冬季的时候，苔原狼绝大多数的时候都会以驯鹿为食，但有时候也会吃北极狐，野兔等其他动物。20世纪五十年代在涅涅茨自治区捕获了74只狼，其胃内残余的食物中93.1%都是驯鹿。夏季的时候，苔原狼则以鸟类，小型啮齿类动物和刚出生的幼年驯鹿为食^[6]。

[1]
Wozencraft, W.C. Order Carnivora. Wilson, D.E. & Reeder, D.M. (编). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press. 2005: 532–628. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. LCCN 2005001870. OCLC 62265494. NLC 001238428.
[2]
Mech, L. David (1981), The Wolf: The Ecology and Behaviour of an Endangered Species, University of Minnesota Press, p. 353, ISBN 0-8166-1026-6
[3]
Kerr, R. (1792), The animal kingdom, or zoological system, of the celebrated Sir Charles Linnæus: containing a complete systematic description, arrangement, and nomenclature, of all the known species and varieties of the mammalia, or animals which give suck to their young, Printed for A. Strahan, and T. Cadell, London, and W. Creech, Edinburgh, p. 137
[4]
Heptner, V. G. & Naumov, N., P. (1998) Mammals of the Soviet Union Vol. II Part 1a, SIRENIA AND CARNIVORA (Sea cows; Wolves and Bears), Science Publishers, Inc., USA, pp. 182-184, ISBN 1-886106-81-9
[5]
Heptner, V. G. & Naumov, N., P. (1998) Mammals of the Soviet Union Vol. II Part 1a, SIRENIA AND CARNIVORA (Sea cows; Wolves and Bears), Science Publishers, Inc., USA, p. 210, ISBN 1-886106-81-9
[6]
Heptner, V. G. & Naumov, N., P. (1998) Mammals of the Soviet Union Vol. II Part 1a, SIRENIA AND CARNIVORA (Sea cows; Wolves and Bears), Science Publishers, Inc., USA, p. 216, ISBN 1-886106-81-9

[MSW3_Wozencraft|id=14000738-1] [1]
Wozencraft, W.C. Order Carnivora. Wilson, D.E. & Reeder, D.M. (编). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press. 2005: 532–628. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. LCCN 2005001870. OCLC 62265494. NLC 001238428.

[mech1981-2] [2]
Mech, L. David (1981), The Wolf: The Ecology and Behaviour of an Endangered Species, University of Minnesota Press, p. 353, ISBN 0-8166-1026-6

[3] [3]
Kerr, R. (1792), The animal kingdom, or zoological system, of the celebrated Sir Charles Linnæus: containing a complete systematic description, arrangement, and nomenclature, of all the known species and varieties of the mammalia, or animals which give suck to their young, Printed for A. Strahan, and T. Cadell, London, and W. Creech, Edinburgh, p. 137

[heptner1998description-4] [4]
Heptner, V. G. & Naumov, N., P. (1998) Mammals of the Soviet Union Vol. II Part 1a, SIRENIA AND CARNIVORA (Sea cows; Wolves and Bears), Science Publishers, Inc., USA, pp. 182-184, ISBN 1-886106-81-9

[heptner1998dens-5] [5]
Heptner, V. G. & Naumov, N., P. (1998) Mammals of the Soviet Union Vol. II Part 1a, SIRENIA AND CARNIVORA (Sea cows; Wolves and Bears), Science Publishers, Inc., USA, p. 210, ISBN 1-886106-81-9

[heptner1998diet-6] [6]
Heptner, V. G. & Naumov, N., P. (1998) Mammals of the Soviet Union Vol. II Part 1a, SIRENIA AND CARNIVORA (Sea cows; Wolves and Bears), Science Publishers, Inc., USA, p. 216, ISBN 1-886106-81-9

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[3]

[1]

[4]

[5]

[6]

苔原狼

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描述

栖息地和饮食

参考文献