艾兹赫尔·戴克斯特拉

艾兹赫尔·戴克斯特拉
Edsger Dijkstra
艾兹赫尔·戴克斯特拉; Edsger Dijkstra
出生	1930年5月11日; 荷兰鹿特丹
逝世	2002年8月6日（72岁）; 荷兰尼嫩
公民权	荷兰
教育程度	莱顿大学（B.S., M.S.）; 阿姆斯特丹大学（Ph.D.）
知名于	戴克斯特拉算法; 结构化编程; THE 操作系统; 信号量（semaphore）
配偶	Maria (Ria) C. Debets
奖项	SIGCSE杰出贡献奖（英语：Outstanding Contribution to Computer Science Education）（1989）; 图灵奖（1972）; ACM会士（英语：ACM Fellow）（1994）; 戴克斯特拉奖（英语：Dijkstra Prize）（2002）;
	科学生涯
研究领域	计算机科学、理论计算机科学
机构	荷兰数学和计算机科学研究学会; 埃因霍温理工大学; 宝来公司（英语：Burroughs Corporation）; 德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校
论文	Communication with an Automatic Computer（1959）
博士导师	阿德里安·范·韦恩加登
博士生	尼可·赫伯曼; 扬·L·A·范·德·斯内普肖特（英语：Jan L. A. van de Snepscheut）; Netty van Gasteren; David A. Naumann
受影响自	阿德里安·范·韦恩加登;
施影响于	东尼·霍尔; 尼克劳斯·维尔特; 泊·派克·汉森; 莱斯利·兰波特; 什洛米·多莱夫（英语：Shlomi Dolev）; 亚历山大·斯特潘诺夫（英语：Alexander Stepanov）; 戴维·格里斯（英语：David Gries）; 大卫·派纳斯（英语：David Parnas）;

艾兹赫尔·韦伯·戴克斯特拉（荷兰语：Edsger Wybe Dijkstra，荷兰语：[ˈɛtsxər ˈʋibə ˈdɛikstra] （^ⓘ），1930年5月11日—2002年8月6日），又译艾兹赫尔·韦伯·迪杰斯特拉，生于荷兰鹿特丹，计算机科学家，是荷兰第一位以程序设计为专业的科学家。^[9]他曾在1972年获得图灵奖，之后还获得1974年AFIPS Harry Goode Memorial Award、1989年ACM SIGCSE计算机科学教育教学杰出贡献奖。

Quick Facts 艾兹赫尔·戴克斯特拉 Edsger Dijkstra, 出生 ...

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2002年，在他去世前不久，获得了ACM PODC（分布式计算原理）最具影响力论文奖，以表彰他在分布式领域中关于程序计算自稳定的贡献。为了纪念他，这个每年一度奖项也在此之后更名为“Dijkstra奖”。

他曾经提出“GOTO有害论”，信号量和PV原语（passeren vrijgeven），解决了“哲学家就餐问题”。

生平

艾兹赫尔·韦伯·戴克斯特拉出生于鹿特丹，大学就读于莱顿大学，研究理论物理学。^[10]^[11]但他很快就发现自己的兴趣是计算机科学。1980年代，担任埃因霍温理工大学教授。

2002年8月6日，戴克斯特拉在荷兰尼嫩自己的家中与世长辞。终年72岁。

学术贡献

他的贡献包括：

提出了目前在离散数学中应用广泛的最短路径算法（Dijkstra's Shortest Path First Algorithm）
为解决操作系统中资源分配问题，提出银行家算法。

注释

[1]
Hoare, C.A.R. The 2010 Edsger W. Dijkstra Memorial Lecture: What Can We Learn from Edsger W. Dijkstra?. Department of Computer Science, The University of Texas at Austin. 12 October 2010 [12 August 2015]. （原始内容存档于2022-03-21）.
^ 引用错误：没有为名为Wirth2005的参考文献提供内容
^ 引用错误：没有为名为Wirth2008的参考文献提供内容
[4]
In his 2004 memoir, "A Programmer's Story: The Life of a Computer Pioneer", Brinch Hansen wrote that he used "Cooperating Sequential Processes" to guide his work implementing multiprogramming on the RC 4000, and described it saying, "One of the great works in computer programming, this masterpiece laid the conceptual foundation for concurrent programming."
[5]
Lamport, Leslie. 2002 PODC Influential Paper Award. ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing. 2002 [2020-09-22]. （原始内容存档于2019-10-06）. Edsger W. Dijkstra started the field of concurrent and distributed algorithms with his 1965 CACM paper "Solution of a Problem in Concurrent Programming Control", in which he first stated and solved the mutual exclusion problem. That paper is probably why PODC exists; it certainly inspired most of my work.
^ 引用错误：没有为名为Lamport (2015)的参考文献提供内容
[7]
Dolev, Shlomi: Self-stabilization. (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2000) ISBN 978-0-262-04178-2
[8]
Lo Russo, Graziano (1997). An Interview with A. Stepanov (Edizioni Infomedia srl.). STLport.org. [21 December 2017]. （原始内容存档于2009-03-04）. Alexander Stepanov: "...I also discovered books of two great computer scientists from whose work I learned the scientific foundation of my trade: Donald Knuth and Edsger Dijkstra. Knuth taught me the answers. Dijkstra taught me the questions. Time and time again I come back to their works for new insights."
[9]
Hoare, Tony. Obituary: Edsger Wybe Dijkstra. Physics Today. March 2003, 56 (3): 96–98 [2017-07-19]. doi:10.1063/1.1570789. （原始内容存档于2016-08-31）.
[10]
Edsger Wybe Dijkstra. Stichting Digidome. 3 September 2003. （原始内容存档于6 December 2004）.
[11]
O'Connor, J J; Robertson, E F. Dijkstra biography. The MacTutor History of Mathematics, School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, Scotland. July 2008 [18 January 2014]. （原始内容存档于11 October 2013）.

延伸阅读

Apt, Krzysztof R. Edsger Wybe Dijkstra (1930–2002): A Portrait of a Genius. Formal Aspects of Computing. 2002, 14 (2): 92–98 [2018-04-03]. arXiv:cs/0210001 . doi:10.1007/s001650200029. （原始内容存档于2021-04-11）.
Per Brinch Hansen. The Origin of Concurrent Programming: From Semaphores to Remote Procedure Calls. Springer. 2002 [2018-04-03]. ISBN 978-0-387-95401-1. （原始内容存档于2021-04-11）.
M. Ben-Ari（英语：Mordechai Ben-Ari）. Principles of Concurrent and Distributed Programming 2nd. Addison-Wesley. 2006 [2018-04-03]. ISBN 978-0-321-31283-9. （原始内容存档于2021-04-11）.
Broy, M.; Denert, Ernst (编). Software Pioneers: Contributions to Software Engineering. Springer. 2002: 3 [2018-04-03]. ISBN 978-3-540-43081-0. （原始内容存档于2021-04-11）.
Daylight, Edgar G. The Dawn of Software Engineering: from Turing to Dijkstra. Lonely Scholar. 2012. ISBN 9789491386022.
Daylight, Edgar G. Dijkstra's Rallying Cry for Generalization: The Advent of the Recursive Procedure, Late 1950s–Early 1960s. The Computer Journal. 2011, 54 (11): 1756–72. doi:10.1093/comjnl/bxr002.
Shlomi Dolev（英语：Shlomi Dolev）. Self-stabilization. MIT Press. 2000 [2018-04-03]. ISBN 978-0-262-04178-2. （原始内容存档于2021-04-11）.
Feijen, W.H.J.; Gries, David (编). Beauty Is Our Business: A Birthday Salute to Edsger W. Dijkstra. Springer. 1990 [2018-04-03]. ISBN 978-0-387-97299-2. （原始内容存档于2021-04-11）.
Laplante, Phillip A. Great papers in computer science. IEEE Press. 1996 [2018-04-03]. ISBN 978-0-7803-1112-1. （原始内容存档于2021-04-11）.
Lee, J.A.N. Frontiers of Computing: A Tribute to Edsger W. Dijkstra on the Occasion of his 60th Birthday (PDF). Ann. Hist. Comp. 1991, 13 (1): 91–96 [2018-04-03]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-11）.
O’Regan, Gerard. Giants of Computing: A Compendium of Select, Pivotal Pioneers. Springer. 2013 [2018-04-03]. ISBN 978-1-4471-5340-5. （原始内容存档于2021-04-11）.
Payette, Sandy. Hopper and Dijkstra: Crisis, Revolution, and the Future of Programming. IEEE Annals of the History of Computing. 2014, 36 (4): 64–73 [2018-04-03]. doi:10.1109/MAHC.2014.54. （原始内容存档于2021-04-11）.
Shasha, Dennis; Lazere, Cathy. Out of their Minds: The Lives and Discoveries of 15 Great Computer Scientists. Springer. 1998 [2018-04-03]. ISBN 978-0-387-98269-4. （原始内容存档于2021-04-11）.

外部链接

E.W. Dijkstra Archive. Center for American History, University of Texas at Austin. [2018-04-03]. （原始内容存档于2005-04-20）.
Dijkstra's Rallying Cry for Generalization. A site devoted to Dijkstra’s works and thoughts, created and maintained by the historian of computing Edgar Graham Daylight. [2018-04-03]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-11）.

[1] [1]
Hoare, C.A.R. The 2010 Edsger W. Dijkstra Memorial Lecture: What Can We Learn from Edsger W. Dijkstra?. Department of Computer Science, The University of Texas at Austin. 12 October 2010 [12 August 2015]. （原始内容存档于2022-03-21）.

[Wirth2005-2] 引用错误：没有为名为Wirth2005的参考文献提供内容

[Wirth2008-3] 引用错误：没有为名为Wirth2008的参考文献提供内容

[4] [4]
In his 2004 memoir, "A Programmer's Story: The Life of a Computer Pioneer", Brinch Hansen wrote that he used "Cooperating Sequential Processes" to guide his work implementing multiprogramming on the RC 4000, and described it saying, "One of the great works in computer programming, this masterpiece laid the conceptual foundation for concurrent programming."

[LLamport2002-5] [5]
Lamport, Leslie. 2002 PODC Influential Paper Award. ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing. 2002 [2020-09-22]. （原始内容存档于2019-10-06）. Edsger W. Dijkstra started the field of concurrent and distributed algorithms with his 1965 CACM paper "Solution of a Problem in Concurrent Programming Control", in which he first stated and solved the mutual exclusion problem. That paper is probably why PODC exists; it certainly inspired most of my work.

[Lamport_(2015)-6] 引用错误：没有为名为Lamport (2015)的参考文献提供内容

[Dolev2000-7] [7]
Dolev, Shlomi: Self-stabilization. (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2000) ISBN 978-0-262-04178-2

[Stepanov-8] [8]
Lo Russo, Graziano (1997). An Interview with A. Stepanov (Edizioni Infomedia srl.). STLport.org. [21 December 2017]. （原始内容存档于2009-03-04）. Alexander Stepanov: "...I also discovered books of two great computer scientists from whose work I learned the scientific foundation of my trade: Donald Knuth and Edsger Dijkstra. Knuth taught me the answers. Dijkstra taught me the questions. Time and time again I come back to their works for new insights."

[9] [9]
Hoare, Tony. Obituary: Edsger Wybe Dijkstra. Physics Today. March 2003, 56 (3): 96–98 [2017-07-19]. doi:10.1063/1.1570789. （原始内容存档于2016-08-31）.

[10] [10]
Edsger Wybe Dijkstra. Stichting Digidome. 3 September 2003. （原始内容存档于6 December 2004）.

[11] [11]
O'Connor, J J; Robertson, E F. Dijkstra biography. The MacTutor History of Mathematics, School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, Scotland. July 2008 [18 January 2014]. （原始内容存档于11 October 2013）.

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