胎牛血清

胎牛血清（Fetal Bovine Serum, FBS）是一种取自牛胚胎的血清，常用于配置动物细胞的培养基。胎牛血清中含有生长因子等蛋白质，且抗体含量少。细胞生物学的研究人员通常会在培养基中加入一定比例的胎牛血清，以帮助维持体外培养（in vitro）的细胞的存活。但胎牛血清的组成复杂多变，研究人员一般将其视作成分不明的混合物，认为其可能增加实验结果的不确定性。目前，研究人员已研究出不含胎牛血清的无血清培养基及化学成分确定的培养基（英语：Chemically defined medium）（Chemically defined medium, CDM）^[1]^[2]。

胎牛血清一般由配有特殊设备的屠宰场制备。在屠宰时，有时候可以发现怀孕的母牛。这时，有特殊设备的屠宰场就会将胎牛消毒后送往特殊的制取设备中，取得其血液，然后将其馀部分销毁。取得的血液通过离心等方法，经加工后就成了胎牛血清。胎牛血清的制备过程中会使胎牛忍受强烈疼痛，因此胎牛血清的制取存在一定的伦理学争议^[3]^[4]。

3 sources

参见

化学成分确定的培养基（英语：Chemically defined medium）（Chemically defined medium, CDM）

参考

[1]
van der Valk, J.; Brunner, D.; De Smet, K. Optimization of chemically defined cell culture media – Replacing fetal bovine serum in mammalian in vitro methods. Toxicology in Vitro. 2010, 24 (4): 1053–1063. doi:10.1016/j.tiv.2010.03.016.
[2]
Yao T, Asayama Y. Animal-cell culture media: History, characteristics, and current issues. Reprod Med Biol. 2017;16:99–117. https://doi.org/10.1002/rmb2.12024
[3]
Jochems, Carlo; et al. The Use of Fetal Bovine Serum: Ethical or Scientific Problem?. Fund for the Replacement of Animals in Medical Experiments. April–March 2002, 30 (2): 219–227 [24 April 2012]. 请检查|date=中的日期值 (帮助)^{[永久失效链接]}
[4]
Mellor DJ, Gregory NG. Responsiveness, behavioural arousal and awareness in fetal and newborn lambs: experimental, practical and therapeutic implications.. N Z Vet J. 2003, 51 (1): 2–13. PMID 16032283. doi:10.1080/00480169.2003.36323.

[Valk_2010-1] [1]
van der Valk, J.; Brunner, D.; De Smet, K. Optimization of chemically defined cell culture media – Replacing fetal bovine serum in mammalian in vitro methods. Toxicology in Vitro. 2010, 24 (4): 1053–1063. doi:10.1016/j.tiv.2010.03.016.

[2] [2]
Yao T, Asayama Y. Animal-cell culture media: History, characteristics, and current issues. Reprod Med Biol. 2017;16:99–117. https://doi.org/10.1002/rmb2.12024

[Jochems-3] [3]
Jochems, Carlo; et al. The Use of Fetal Bovine Serum: Ethical or Scientific Problem?. Fund for the Replacement of Animals in Medical Experiments. April–March 2002, 30 (2): 219–227 [24 April 2012]. 请检查|date=中的日期值 (帮助)^{[永久失效链接]}

[MellorGregory-4] [4]
Mellor DJ, Gregory NG. Responsiveness, behavioural arousal and awareness in fetal and newborn lambs: experimental, practical and therapeutic implications.. N Z Vet J. 2003, 51 (1): 2–13. PMID 16032283. doi:10.1080/00480169.2003.36323.

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