圣母悼歌

《圣母悼歌》（拉丁文：Stabat Mater Dolorosa，或简写为 Stabat Mater），是一首起源于13世纪天主教会圣诗，用以描绘了马利亚作为母亲在儿子耶稣基督被钉十字架时所遭受痛苦的歌曲。其作者有几种不同说法，包括圣法兰西斯教团（英语：Order of Saint Francis）的雅各布内·达·托迪（英语：Jacopone da Todi）及教宗依诺增爵三世。该歌内容与痛苦圣母有关^[1][2][3]。

罗希尔·范德魏登所作“基督钉十字架 (加尔瓦略)”，哀悼的圣母和圣约翰分立两侧，1457-1464。现藏西班牙埃斯科里亚尔修道院。

歌词及翻译

拉丁原文 Stabat mater dolorosa juxta Crucem lacrimosa, dum pendebat Filius. Cuius animam gementem, contristatam et dolentem pertransivit gladius. O quam tristis et afflicta fuit illa benedicta, mater Unigeniti! Quae mœrebat et dolebat, pia Mater, dum videbat nati pœnas inclyti. Quis est homo qui non fleret, matrem Christi si videret in tanto supplicio? Quis non posset contristari Christi Matrem contemplari dolentem cum Filio? Pro peccatis suæ gentis vidit Iesum in tormentis, et flagellis subditum. Vidit suum dulcem Natum moriendo desolatum, dum emisit spiritum. Eia, Mater, fons amoris me sentire vim doloris fac, ut tecum lugeam. Fac, ut ardeat cor meum in amando Christum Deum ut sibi complaceam. Sancta Mater, istud agas, crucifixi fige plagas cordi meo valide. Tui Nati vulnerati, tam dignati pro me pati, pœnas mecum divide. Fac me tecum pie flere, crucifixo condolere, donec ego vixero. Juxta Crucem tecum stare, et me tibi sociare in planctu desidero. Virgo virginum præclara, mihi iam non sis amara, fac me tecum plangere. Fac, ut portem Christi mortem, passionis fac consortem, et plagas recolere. Fac me plagis vulnerari, fac me Cruce inebriari, et cruore Filii. Flammis ne urar succensus, per te, Virgo, sim defensus in die iudicii. Christe, cum sit hinc exire, da per Matrem me venire ad palmam victoriæ. Quando corpus morietur, fac, ut animæ donetur paradisi gloria. Amen.

英译 At the Cross her station keeping, stood the mournful Mother weeping, close to her Son to the last. Through her heart, His sorrow sharing, all His bitter anguish bearing, now at length the sword has passed. O how sad and sore distressed was that Mother, highly blest, of the sole-begotten One. Christ above in torment hangs, she beneath beholds the pangs of her dying glorious Son. Is there one who would not weep, whelmed in miseries so deep, Christ's dear Mother to behold? Can the human heart refrain from partaking in her pain, in that Mother's pain untold? For the sins of His own nation, She saw Jesus wracked with torment, All with scourges rent: She beheld her tender Child, Saw Him hang in desolation, Till His spirit forth He sent. O thou Mother! fount of love! Touch my spirit from above, make my heart with thine accord: Make me feel as thou hast felt; make my soul to glow and melt with the love of Christ my Lord. Holy Mother! pierce me through, in my heart each wound renew of my Savior crucified: Let me share with thee His pain, who for all my sins was slain, who for me in torments died. Let me mingle tears with thee, mourning Him who mourned for me, all the days that I may live: By the Cross with thee to stay, there with thee to weep and pray, is all I ask of thee to give. Virgin of all virgins blest!, Listen to my fond request: let me share thy grief divine; Let me, to my latest breath, in my body bear the death of that dying Son of thine. Wounded with His every wound, steep my soul till it hath swooned, in His very Blood away; Be to me, O Virgin, nigh, lest in flames I burn and die, in His awful Judgment Day. Christ, when Thou shalt call me hence, be Thy Mother my defense, be Thy Cross my victory; While my body here decays, may my soul Thy goodness praise, Safe in Paradise with Thee. 由爱德华·卡斯禾尔（英语：Edward Caswall）翻译 并收录于《Lyra Catholica》(1849)

中译 圣母痛苦恃立， 泣泪在十字架旁， 圣子耶稣钉挂在其上。 她的心灵哀叹， 忧伤与悲痛， 如刀刃刺穿了她。 哦，多么悲哀和不幸！ 神圣的母亲， 唯一的儿子。 慈爱的母亲多么悲哀伤心！ 注视著她那受尽折磨的， 荣耀的儿子。 有谁会不落泪？ 当他看到耶稣的母亲， 沉浸在巨大的悲痛中！ 有谁会不同情？ 当他见到耶稣的母亲， 在那里哀悼她的儿子。 她目睹耶稣备受折磨， 遭受鞭挞， 替那些罪孽的人们。 她注视著自己高贵的儿子， 垂死的被遗弃的儿子， 当他交出自己的灵魂之时， 哦，母亲，爱的源泉， 一份深深的苦痛， 将我环绕，令我与你同悲共悼。 让我体验到你的感受， 让我的灵魂燃烧融化， 随同我主耶稣之大爱。 神圣的母亲，愿准予这恩惠， 将十字架上的苦难铭刻在， 我的内心深处。 一阵剧痛穿过我身， 自你的遭受创伤的， 为我而屈尊受难的儿子。 让我伴你流泪哭泣， 十字架上的那份巨大痛楚， 贯穿我的一生一世。 在十字架旁随你伫立， 在泪水中同你相伴， 那是我的愿望。 哦，真福童贞女，所有童贞女中的卓越者， 不要将我轻视遗忘， 让我伴你悲叹哭泣！ 愿允我承受耶稣那样的死亡， 让我分获他那样的激情， 铭记他的受难。 让我受尽伤痛， 沉醉于他的十字架， 以及圣子的鲜血。 免我受烈火烧燃， 哦，真福童贞女！ 在最后的审判之日求你庇护。 基督，当我离此尘世， 赐我倚侍圣母恩慈， 到达胜利的光荣。 当我的躯体死去， 让我的灵魂获赐， 天国的荣耀。亚孟（阿们）。

音乐创作

不少作曲家都有为《圣母悼歌》撰写乐曲，其中最早期的文艺复兴时期有若斯坎·德普雷、拉素士、帕勒斯蒂纳及夏邦泰耶^[4]；巴洛克时期则有韦华第、史卡拉第、海顿、鲍凯利尼等，当中彼高利斯的作品（英语：Stabat Mater (Pergolesi)）更被音乐界公认为《圣母悼歌》中代表作^[4]。至于古典时期，舒伯特曾写过两首；另外罗西尼的作品（英语：Stabat Mater (Rossini)）亦是此时期的代表作；到了浪漫时期及民族主义时期，来自欧洲不同地域的作曲家，如李斯特、德伏扎克、威尔第及史丹福等都各自写成了《圣母悼歌》。到了近代，史曼诺夫斯基、浦朗克、潘德列茨基、帕特、以致卡尔·赞坚斯都有创作相关题裁的曲目^[4]。

参考文献

1. Sabatier, Paul Life of St. Francis Assisi Charles Scribner Press, NY, 1919, page 286
2. The seven great hymns of the Mediaeval Church by Charles Cooper Nott 1868 ASIN: B003KCW2LA page 96
3. p. 574, Alighieri, Durling, Martinez (2003) Dante, Robert M., Ronald L. Oxford The Divine Comedy of Dante Alighieri: Purgatorio Volume 2 of The Divine Comedy of Dante Alighieri Oxford University Press. "The Stabat Mater by the Franciscan Jacopone da Todi."
4. Dvořák: Stabat Mater. Oratorio for Soloists, Chorus and Orchestra （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） at Supraphon website.

外部链接

• Website about (now) 250 different Stabat Mater compositions: information about the composers, the music and the text. The site also includes translations of the text in 20 languages.
• Several English translations
• Chant performed by "Exsurge Domine" vocal ensemble. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
• Karol Szymanowski's "Stabat Mater" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Spanish Radio and Television Symphony Orchestra. Thomas Dausgaard, conductor. Live concert.