黄鼠属

黄鼠属（学名：Spermophilus），哺乳纲、啮齿目、松鼠科的一属，而与黄鼠属同科的动物尚有马尾松鼠属（马尾松鼠）、山松鼠属（巴拿马山松鼠）、细趾黄鼠属（细趾黄鼠）、松鼠属（松鼠）等之数种哺乳动物。

黄鼠属
沙黄鼠（Spermophilus fulvus）
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	脊索动物门 Chordata
纲：	哺乳纲 Mammalia
目：	啮齿目 Rodentia
科：	松鼠科 Sciuridae
亚科：	非洲地松鼠亚科 Xerinae
族：	地松鼠族 Marmotini
属：	黄鼠属 Spermophilus F. Cuvier, 1825
异名
Citellus Oken, 1816 Citillus Lichtenstein, 1830 Colobates Milne-Edwards, 1874 Colobotis Brandt, 1844 Otocolobus Brandt, 1844 Spermatophilus Wagler, 1830

属名更改

本属物种原主要包括分布在北美洲地区啮齿动物，称为美洲黄鼠属。2005年出版的《世界哺乳动物物种》(第三版)一书中将“黄鼠属”的拉丁属名更改，原属名 Citellus 经考证为无效学名，改用 Spermophilus。^[1]

下属物种

目前全球生物多样性信息网络（GBIF）记录了本属46种：^[2]

• Spermophilus bensoni (Gidley, 1922)
• Spermophilus cochisei (Gidley, 1922)
• Spermophilus cragini (Hibbard, 1941)
• Spermophilus dotti (Hibbard, 1954)
• Spermophilus finlayensis (Strain, 1966)
• Spermophilus fricki (Hibbard, 1942)
• Spermophilus gidleyi (Merriam et al., 1925)
• Spermophilus howelli (Hibbard, 1941)
• Spermophilus matachicensis (Wilson, 1949)
• Spermophilus matthewi (Black, 1963)
• Spermophilus mcgheei (Strain, 1966)
• Spermophilus mckayensis (Shotwell, 1956)
• Spermophilus meadensis (Hibbard, 1941)
• Spermophilus primitivus (Bryant, 1945)
• Spermophilus rexroadensis (Hibbard, 1941)
• Spermophilus ridgwayi Gazin, 1932
• Spermophilus shotwelli (Black, 1963)
• Spermophilus taylori (Hay, 1921)
• Spermophilus tuitus (Hay, 1921)
• Spermophilus wilsoni (Shotwell, 1956)
• Spermophilus argonautus (Stirton & Goeriz, 1942)
• 阿拉善黄鼠 Spermophilus alashanicus Büchner, 1888
• Spermophilus boothi Hibbard, 1972
• 短尾黄鼠 Spermophilus brevicauda Brandt, 1843
• Spermophilus Spermophilus (Linnaeus, 1766)
• Spermophilus cyanocittus Korth, 1997
• 达乌尔黄鼠 Spermophilus dauricus Brandt, 1843
• 赤颊黄鼠 Spermophilus erythrogenys Brandt, 1841
• 沙黄鼠 Spermophilus fulvus (Lichtenstein, 1823)
• Spermophilus jerae Sutton & Korth, 1995
• Spermophilus johnstoni Hibbard, 1972
• Spermophilus lorisrusselli Hibbard, 1976
• 大黄鼠 Spermophilus major (Pallas, 1778)
• Spermophilus meltoni Hibbard, 1972
• 高加索黄鼠 Spermophilus musicus Ménétries, 1832
• 淡尾黄鼠 Spermophilus pallidicauda (Satunin, 1903)
• 小黄鼠 Spermophilus pygmaeus (Pallas, 1778)
• Spermophilus ralli (Kuznetsov, 1948)
• 天山黄鼠 Spermophilus relictus (Kashkarov, 1923)
• Spermophilus russelli Gustafson, 1978
• Spermophilus vorontsovi Simonov, Lopatina, Titov, Ivanova, Brandler, Surin, Matrosova, Dvilis, Oreshkova, Kapustina, Golenishchev & Ermakov, 2024^[3]
• Spermophilus superciliosus Kaup, 1839
• 斑点黄鼠 Spermophilus suslicus (Güldenstaedt, 1770)
• Spermophilus taurensis (Gündüz, Jaarola, Tez, Yeniyurt, Polly & Searle, 2007)
• Spermophilus torosensis
• Spermophilus wellingtonensis Kelly, 1997
• Spermophilus xanthoprymnus (Bennett, 1835)

参考文献

1. Thorington RW, Hoffman RS (2005) Family Sciuridae. In: Wilson DE, Reeder DM (eds) Mammal species of the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference, vol 2, 3rd edn. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, pp 754–818
2. Spermophilus F.Cuvier, 1825. GBIF. Copenhagen, Denmark: GBIF Secretariat. [2021-06-01].
3. Evgeniy Simonov, Natalia V. Lopatina, Sergey V. Titov, Anastasiya D. Ivanova, Oleg V. Brandler, Vadim L. Surin, Vera A. Matrosova, Alisa E. Dvilis, Nataliya V. Oreshkova, Svetlana Yu. Kapustina, Fedor N. Golenishchev and Oleg A. Ermakov. 2024. Traditional Multilocus Phylogeny fails to fully resolve Palearctic Ground Squirrels (Spermophilus) Relationships but reveals A New Species endemic to West Siberia. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 195, 108057. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2024.108057