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美国国家图书奖(又译美国国家书卷奖;英语:American National Book Award)是美国文学界的最高荣誉之一,始于1950年,每年11月在纽约颁奖,设有小说、非小说、诗歌、少年图书4个大奖,颁发给前一年出版的文学作品,并向做出卓越贡献的作家颁发终身成就奖。评奖宗旨是扩大美国文学的影响、吸引读者以及提高作品的文化价值。

历史

国家图书奖的起源最早可以追溯到1930年代,二战期间停止运作,战后由美国书商协会英语American_Booksellers_Association(American Booksellers Association)、美国图书出版理事会(American Book Publishers Council)和图书厂商协会(Book Manufacturers Institute)联合重新在业内发起评奖颁奖活动,1950年在纽约华尔道夫酒店举行颁奖仪式,引起大众的关注。

1950年代开始,国家图书奖的评奖规则、种类不断变化,从1988年开始由全国图书基金会英语National_Book_Foundation(National Book Foundation)负责评奖、颁奖事宜,每年11月在纽约举行颁奖典礼及晚宴。

奖项

入选国家图书奖的原则是上一年度美国籍作者在美国出版的作品,设立4大类别,每个类别经专家评议后在9月份公布入选名单(共40名)、10月份公布最终入选名单,每个类别5名(共20名),11月在颁奖仪式上公布大奖获得者名单。最终入选名单者获得1000美元奖金及奖章、大奖获得者获得1万美元奖金及奖杯。除了4个大奖外,国家图书奖评委会每年还对做出重大贡献的人士颁发美国文学杰出贡献奖(Medal of Distinguished Contribution to American Letters)以及卓越服务奖(Literarian Award for Outstanding Service),以表彰这些人士在美国文学领域的终身成就。

小说奖

1950年起颁发。

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非小说奖

1950年起颁发,1964年起进一步细分为艺术和文学、历史和传记、科学、哲学和宗教等类别,1984年起重新整合为非小说类别。

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诗歌奖

1950年起颁发,1984年取消,七年后恢复。

  • 1950:威廉·卡洛斯·威廉斯, Paterson: Book Three and Selected Poems
  • 1951: 华莱士·史蒂文斯, The Auroras of Autumn
  • 1952: Marianne Moore, Collected Poems
  • 1953:Archibald MacLeish, Collected Poems, 1917-1952
  • 1954:Conrad Aiken, Collected Poems
  • 1955:华莱士·史蒂文斯, The Collected Poems of Wallace Stevens
  • 1956:威斯坦·休·奥登, The Shield of Achilles
  • 1957:Richard Wilbur, Things of This World
  • 1958:罗伯特·佩恩·沃伦, Promises: Poems, 1954-1956
  • 1959:迪奥多·罗赛克, Words for the Wind
  • 1960:Robert Lowell, Life Studies
  • 1961: Randall Jarrell, The Woman at the Washington Zoo
  • 1962: Alan Dugan, Poems
  • 1963: William Stafford, Traveling Through the Dark
  • 1964: John Crowe Ransom, Selected Poems
  • 1965: 迪奥多·罗赛克, The Far Field
  • 1966: James Dickey, Buckdancer's Choice
  • 1967: James Merrill, Nights and Days
  • 1968: 罗伯特·布莱, The Light Around the Body
  • 1969: John Berryman, His Toy, His Dream, His Rest
  • 1970: 伊丽莎白·毕晓普, The Complete Poems
  • 1971: Mona Van Duyn, To See, To Take
  • 1972: 弗兰克·奥哈拉, The Collected Works of Frank O'Hara
  • 1972: Howard Moss, Selected Poems
  • 1973: A·R·阿门斯, Collected Poems, 1951-1971
  • 1974: Allen Ginsberg, The Fall of America: Poems of these States, 1965-1971
  • 1974: 艾德丽安·里奇, Diving into the Wreck: Poems 1971–1972
  • 1975: Marilyn Hacker, Presentation Piece
  • 1976: 约翰·阿什伯里, Self-portrait in a Convex Mirror
  • 1977: 理查·艾伯哈特, Collected Poems, 1930-1976
  • 1978: Howard Nemerov, The Collected Poems of Howard Nemerov
  • 1979: James Merrill, Mirabell: Book of Numbers
  • 1980: Philip Levine, Ashes: Poems New and Old
  • 1981: Lisel Mueller, The Need to Hold Still
  • 1982: William Bronk, Life Supports: New and Collected Poems
  • 1983: 高尔威·金内尔, Selected Poems
  • 1983: Charles Wright, Country Music: Selected Early Poems
  • 1991: Philip Levine, What Work Is
  • 1992: 玛丽·奥利弗, New and Selected Poems
  • 1993: A·R·阿门斯, Garbage
  • 1994: James Tate, A Worshipful Company of Fletchers
  • 1995: Stanley Kunitz, Passing Through: The Later Poems
  • 1996: Hayden Carruth, Scrambled Eggs and Whiskey
  • 1997: William Meredith, Effort at Speech: New and Selected Poems
  • 1998: Gerald Stern, This Time: New and Selected Poems
  • 1999: Ai, Vice: New and Selected Poems
  • 2000: Lucille Clifton, Blessing the Boats: New and Selected Poems 1988-2000
  • 2001: Alan Dugan, Poems Seven: New and Complete Poetry
  • 2002: Ruth Stone, In the Next Galaxy
  • 2003: C. K. Williams, The Singing
  • 2004: Jean Valentine, Door in the Mountain: New and Collected Poems, 1965-2003
  • 2005: 威廉·斯坦利·默温, Migration: New and Selected Poems
  • 2006: Nathaniel Mackey, Splay Anthem
  • 2007: Robert Hass, Time and Materials: Poems, 1997-2005
  • 2008: 马克·多蒂, Fire to Fire: New and Collected Poems
  • 2009: Keith Waldrop, Transcendental Studies: A Trilogy
  • 2010: Terrance Hayes, Lighthead
  • 2011: Nikky Finney, Head Off & Split
  • 2012: David Ferry, Bewilderment: New Poems and Translations
  • 2013: Mary Szybist, Incarnadine
  • 2014: 路易丝·格吕克, Faithful and Virtuous Night
  • 2015: Robin Coste Lewis, Voyage of the Sable Venus.
  • 2016: Daniel Borzutzky, The Performance of Becoming Human
  • 2017: 弗兰克·比达特英语Frank Bidart, Half-light: Collected Poems 1965–2016
  • 2018: Justin Phillip, Reed Indecency
  • 2019: 施家彰英语Arthur Sze[7], Sight Lines
  • 2020: 崔唐梅英语Don Mee Choi[8], 《朝韩非军事区》(DMZ Colony
  • 2021: 马丁·埃斯帕达英语Martín Espada, Floaters
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杰出贡献奖

该列表为自1988年开始的获奖者名单[9]

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卓越服务奖

2005年起颁发。

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