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红细菌属（学名：Rhodobacter）是光合细菌下的紫色非硫细菌，是生丝微菌科的一属革兰氏染色阴性菌。细胞呈卵圆形或杆形。该属的模式种为荚膜红细菌(Rhodobacter sulfoviridis)。
本属包括以下物种：[2]
- Rhodobacter adriaticus (Neutzling et al. 1984) Imhoff et al. 1984
- Rhodobacter aestuarii Venkata Ramana et al. 2009
- 耐碱红细菌 Rhodobacter alkalitolerans Gandham et al. 2019
- 固氮红细菌 Rhodobacter azollae Suresh et al. 2017
- Rhodobacter azotoformans Hiraishi et al. 1997
- 芽生红细菌 Rhodobacter blastica (Eckersley and Dow 1981) Kawasaki et al. 1994
- Rhodobacter blasticus (Eckersley and Dow 1981) Kawasaki et al. 1994
- 荚膜红细菌 Rhodobacter capsulatus (Molisch 1907) Imhoff et al. 1984
- Rhodobacter changlensis Anil Kumar et al. 2007
- Rhodobacter euryhalinus Kompantseva 1989
- Rhodobacter flagellatus Xian et al. 2020
- Rhodobacter johrii Girija et al. 2010
- 昆山红细菌 Rhodobacter kunshanensis Liu et al. 2024[3]
- Rhodobacter lacus Suresh et al. 2017
- Rhodobacter maris Venkata Ramana et al. 2008
- Rhodobacter massiliensis Greub and Raoult 2006
- Rhodobacter megalophilus Arunasri et al. 2008
- Rhodobacter ovatus Srinivas et al. 2008
- Rhodobacter sediminicola Suresh et al. 2020
- 沉积物红细菌 Rhodobacter sediminis Subhash and Lee 2016
- 类球红细菌 Rhodobacter sphaeroides (van Niel 1944) Imhoff et al. 1984
- Rhodobacter sulfidophilus (Hansen and Veldkamp 1973) Imhoff et al. 1984
- Rhodobacter tardus Sheu et al. 2020
- Rhodobacter thermarum Khan et al. 2019
- 维氏红细菌 Rhodobacter veldkampii Hansen and Imhoff 1985
- Rhodobacter vinaykumarii Srinivas et al. 2007，以已故印度微生物学家、Ch.V.R和Ch.S的研究主管M.Vinaykumar博士的名字命名，他在印度开创了无氧光营养细菌的研究
- 绿色红细菌 Rhodobacter viridis Shalem Raj et al. 2013
- 新乡红细菌 Rhodobacter xinxiangensis Han et al. 2020
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