祖熊属(学名:Ursavus)是熊科已灭绝的一个属,生活于2300万至530万年前中新世的北美和欧亚大陆[2][3],是现代熊属生物的祖先[4]。它在2000万年前从亚洲大陆迁徙到北美[5]。
Quick Facts 科学分类, 模式种 ...
祖熊属
|
|
科学分类
|
界:
|
动物界 Animalia
|
门:
|
脊索动物门 Chordata
|
纲:
|
哺乳纲 Mammalia
|
目:
|
食肉目 Carnivora
|
科:
|
熊科 Ursidae
|
属:
|
†祖熊属 Ursavus Schlosser, 1899
|
模式种
|
†Ursavus brevirhinus
Hofmann, 1887
|
Species[1]
|
- †Ursavus brevirhinus (Hofmann, 1887)
- †Ursavus primaevus (Gaillard, 1899)
- †Ursavus intermedius (Koenigswald, 1925)
- †Ursavus pawniensis (Frick, 1926)
- †Ursavus ehrenbergi (Brunner, 1942)
- †Ursavus sylvestris (Qiu & Qi, 1990)
- †Ursavus isorei (Ginsburg & Morales, 1998)
- †Ursavus tedfordi (Zhanxiang et al., 2014)
|
Close
该属共发现11种,总体来看,其体型小,与现代的狼相似。[4]
黎明熊(U. elmensis)[6]是该属第一个种[7][8]。但后来它和U. depereti一起被划出本属,黎明熊分入安卢熊属(Ballusia),后者则被分入郊熊猫属(Agriarctos)[4]。
2006年7月中国甘肃临夏回族自治州广河县官坊乡槐沟村发现的戴氏祖熊(U. tedfordi)的头骨化石,为世界上首次发现的完整祖熊头骨[1][4]。1985年山东临朐县山旺发现的东方祖熊(U. orientalis)化石保存情况也很好[9]。但有研究者认为东方祖熊其实不属于祖熊属,而是属于安卢熊属[1]。
Qiu, Zhan-Xiang; et al. A Late Miocene Ursavus skull from Guanghe, Gansu, China. Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 2014, 52 (3): 265–302.
Kurten, Bjorn. Pleistocene bears of North America I: Genus Tremarctos, spectacled bears. Acta Zool. Fenn. 1966, 115: 1–120.
Crusafont, M.; Kurten, B. Bears and bear-dogs from the Vallesian of the Valles-Penedes basin, Spain. Acta Zool. Fenn. 1976, 144: 1–29.
Derocher, Andrew E.; Ian Stirling. Factors affecting the evolution and behavioral ecology of the modern bears. Bears: Their Biology and Management. A selection of papers from the Eighth International Conference on Bear Research and Management. February 1989, 8: 189–204 (1990). JSTOR 3872919.
McLellan, Bruce. A review of bear evolution (PDF). [Proceedings of the] International Conference on Bear Research and Management. 1994, 9 (1): 85–96 [2021-06-04]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2017-11-15).
Derocher, A. E.; Lynch, W. Polar Bears: A complete guide to their biology and behavior. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. 2012.