硼（原子量：10.811(7)）共有14个已知同位素，质量数介于7-19之间，其中有2个是稳定的，其他都具有放射性。天然存在的硼同位素有2个，分别是10B和11B，皆为稳定同位素。其他放射性同位素都不出现在自然界中，只有在实验室制造出来过，且半衰期都极短，非常不稳定。
Quick Facts 同位素, 衰变 ...
主要的硼同位素
10B在天然样品中的含量可低至19.1％，也可以高达20.3％。而剩下的部分才是 11B [1]。 |
| 标准原子质量 (Ar, 标准) | - [10.806, 10.821][2]
- 传统: 10.81
|
|---|
|
|
|
Close
More information 符号, Z ...
| 符号
|
Z
|
N
|
同位素质量（u）
[n 1][n 2]
|
半衰期
[n 2]
|
衰变
方式[3]
|
衰变
产物
[n 3]
|
原子核
自旋[n 1]
|
相对丰度
（莫耳分率）[n 2]
|
相对丰度
的变化量
（莫耳分率）
|
| 7B
|
5
|
2
|
7.02992(8)
|
350(50)×10−24 s
[1.4(2) MeV]
|
p
|
6
Be
[n 4]
|
(3⁄2−)
|
|
|
| 8B[n 5]
|
5
|
3
|
8.0246072(11)
|
770(3) ms
|
β+, α
|
2 4
He
|
2+
|
|
|
| 9B
|
5
|
4
|
9.0133288(11)
|
800(300)×10−21 s
[0.54(21) keV]
|
p
|
8
Be
[n 6]
|
3⁄2−
|
|
|
| 10B
|
5
|
5
|
10.0129370(4)
|
稳定
|
3+
|
0.199(7)
|
0.18929–0.20386
|
11
B
|
5
|
6
|
11.0093054(4)
|
稳定
|
3⁄2−
|
0.801(7)
|
0.79614–0.81071
|
| 12B
|
5
|
7
|
12.0143521(15)
|
20.20(2) ms
|
β− (98.4%)
|
12
C
|
1+
|
|
|
| β−, α (1.6%)
|
8
Be
[n 7]
|
| 13B
|
5
|
8
|
13.0177802(12)
|
17.33(17) ms
|
β− (99.72%)
|
13
C
|
3⁄2−
|
|
|
| β−, n (0.279%)
|
12
C
|
| 14B
|
5
|
9
|
14.025404(23)
|
12.5(5) ms
|
β− (93.96%)
|
14
C
|
2−
|
|
|
| β−, n (6.04%)
|
13
C
|
| 15B
|
5
|
10
|
15.031103(24)
|
9.87(7) ms
|
β−, n (93.6%)
|
14
C
|
3⁄2−
|
|
|
| β− (6.0%)
|
15
C
|
| β−, 2n (0.40%)
|
13
C
|
| 16B
|
5
|
11
|
16.03981(6)
|
<190×10−12 s
[<0.1 MeV]
|
n
|
15
B
|
0−
|
|
|
| 17B[n 8]
|
5
|
12
|
17.04699(18)
|
5.08(5) ms
|
β−, n (63.0%)
|
16
C
|
(3⁄2−)
|
|
|
| β− (22.1%)
|
17
C
|
| β−, 2n (11.0%)
|
15
C
|
| β−, 3n (3.5%)
|
14
C
|
| β−, 4n (0.40%)
|
13
C
|
| 18B
|
5
|
13
|
18.05560(22)
|
<26 ns
|
n
|
17
B
|
(4−)
|
|
|
| 19B[n 8]
|
5
|
14
|
19.06417(56)
|
2.92(13) ms
|
β−
|
19
C
|
(3⁄2−)
|
|
|
| 20B[4]
|
5
|
15
|
20.07451(59)
|
> 912.4 ys
|
n
|
19
B
|
(1−, 2-)
|
|
|
| 21B[4]
|
5
|
16
|
21.08415(60)
|
> 760 ys
|
2n
|
19
B
|
(3⁄2−)
|
|
|
Close
画上#号的数据代表没有经过实验的证明，仅为理论推测。
Subsequently decays by double proton emission to 4He for a net reaction of 7B → 4He + 3 1H
immediately decays into two α particles, for a net reaction of 9B → 2 4He + 1H
Immediately decays into two α particles, for a net reaction of 12B → 3 4He + e−
硼-8是一种硼的同位素，会通过β+衰变衰变成铍-8，半衰期771.9毫秒。它有一个质子组成的核晕。[5]虽然太阳中微子只有少部分（80 ppm）源自硼-8的衰变，但硼-8衰变产生的中微子有约10 MeV的高能量，[6]是直接探测暗物质的实验中重要的背景。[7]
Szegedi, S.; Váradi, M.; Buczkó, Cs. M.; Várnagy, M.; Sztaricskai, T. Determination of boron in glass by neutron transmission method. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Letters. 1990, 146 (3): 177. doi:10.1007/BF02165219. Maaß, Bernhard; Müller, Peter; Nörtershäuser, Wilfried; Clark, Jason; Gorges, Christian; Kaufmann, Simon; König, Kristian; Krämer, Jörg; Levand, Anthony; Orford, Rodney; Sánchez, Rodolfo; Savard, Guy; Sommer, Felix. Towards laser spectroscopy of the proton-halo candidate boron-8. Hyperfine Interactions. November 2017, 238 (1): 25. Bibcode:2017HyInt.238...25M. S2CID 254551036. doi:10.1007/s10751-017-1399-5.
- Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Pure Appl. Chem. Vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 683-800, (2003) and Atomic Weights Revised (2005) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.
