溢洪道(英语:spillway)系指水坝的构造物,功能在于排除宣泄超过水库容量之多馀洪水,防止溢顶而破坏坝体,以确保水坝的安全[1][2]。依照溢流泄方式之不同,溢洪道可区分为自由溢流式溢洪道(overflow spillway)及闸门控制式溢洪道[2];又依照泄水构造物形式,可分为隧道式溢洪道、陡槽式溢洪道(chute spillway)、钟口型溢洪道(bell-mouth spillway 或 morning glory spillway,又称为喇叭形溢洪道)、侧槽溢洪道(side channel spillway)、管流式溢洪道(pipe spillway)、虹吸式溢洪道(siphon spillway)、坝堰式溢洪道等[1]。溢洪道并不一定建造在坝身建筑物上,亦可在坝址附近另行兴建溢洪道,例如侧槽溢洪道即离开坝身[1]

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参考资料

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