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水的电离,或称水的自偶电离,可以简化为两个水分子互相反应,生成一个水合氢离子和一个氢氧根离子的过程,属于水的质子自迁移反应。反应方程为:

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化学平衡

水的电离是可逆的,其平衡常数

该平衡常数随温度压力的增加而增加。

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