毋寡

毋寡（希腊语：Μαύης (Maúēs)；塞语：Mauakes^[1][2]；意为“老虎”或“英雄”^[3]；？—前101年），西汉时代大宛的国王。

汉武帝时代毋寡为大宛国王，他在贵山城建都，大宛北和康居、南和大月氏相接，出产汗血马。张骞通西域之后，汉武帝遣使持千金和金马到大宛请购买汗血马。毋寡以为汉朝绝远，不肯交易，汉使出言不逊，毋寡杀死汉使，取其财物。汉武帝于是派遣贰师将军李广利率军十余万伐大宛，连战四年，大宛人恐惧，杀死毋寡，献马三千匹。汉朝立昧蔡为王。

注释

1. W. W. TARN. The Greeks In Bacteria And India （英语）. But somewhere about 80 B.c. they started northward from Abiria up the Indus to attack the Greek centres in the north, under a leader whose name in Greek was Maues or Mauakes, in Kharoshthi Moa or Moga (p. 4^6). The same name, Mauakes (Mu-ku’a), had been borne by the Saca king of Ferghana in loi b.c. (p. 308); if I am right in my belief that the Saca rulers of Ferghana at this time belonged to the Sai-wang...
2. K. Walton Dobbins. Vonones, Maues and Hermaios The Imperial Coinage of Mithradates II. East and West (Istituto Italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente (IsIAO)). December 1980, 30: 31–53.
3. Harmatta 1999，第410页.

参考文献

• 《史记》大宛列传
• Harmatta, János. Languages and scripts in Graeco-Bactria and the Saka Kingdoms. Harmatta, János; Puri, B. N.; Etemadi, G. F. (编). History of civilizations of Central Asia 2. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishing House. 1999. ISBN 978-8-120-81408-0.