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梭子蟹总科
来自维基百科，自由的百科全书
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梭子蟹总科（学名Portunoidea），是短尾次目（螃蟹）的其中一个总科级的分类阶元，其下包括梭子蟹科及其他科[1][2]，皆为海洋生物[3]。其他文献尚有其他科保留在本总科，但在分子系统发生学分析之后，有可能对现时这些在分类上的争议有变更[1]。
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描述
本总科的成员具有扁平及光滑的头胸甲，而且壳的横向比纵向宽，呈六边形、近似 六边形、矩形，又或鹅卵形。 It is usually widest between the hindmost spines of the forward rim; there may be up to 9 pairs of these spines, with a few smaller ones right above the head, but they are missing altogether in some 物种.[4]
In some, the first 附肢's 腿 (节肢动物) is lobed, forming the characteristic portunid lobe. The chelipeds are usually robust, and in some the last pereiopod pair has ovate dactyls. The sutures of the sternum between segments 4 to 8 are usually incomplete, and in the Portunidae, the eighth sternite is usually visible if seen from below and has a penial groove.[4]
雄蟹的腹体节若不是全自由活动的话，就是其第三节到第五节已融合在一起，但often retaining the sutures though. The first gonopod is strongly curved, with a swollen and strongly hooked base.[4]
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分类
梭子蟹总科与扇蟹总科[4]，过往被划归扇蟹总科的六足蟹科及Mathildellidae，在某些分类会划归梭子蟹总科；而在深海生活的怪蟹科一般都会划归梭子蟹总科，但亦有分类把它放在扇蟹总科之下。所有梭子蟹总科的物种均在海洋生活，除了现时已独立成单独总科的毛子蟹科（Trichodactylidae）有部份是在淡水生活。
According to the latest synopsis, there are eleven families in the superfamily Portunoidea, four of which are extinct:[1]
- Carcinidae
- Carcineretidae (extinct)
- Catoptridae
- 怪蟹科 Geryonidae
- Lithophylacidae (extinct)
- Longusorbiidae (extinct)
- Macropipidae
- Pirimelidae
- 梭子蟹科 Portunidae
- Psammocarcinidae (extinct)
- 指甲蟹科 Thiidae Dana, 1852：原属黄道蟹总科[2]
参考文献
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