量子力学中,如果一个粒子在某势场中被约束在一个或几个空间区域内,则称粒子处于束缚态(英语:bound state)。如果势场在无穷远处趋于零,则负能量态一定是束缚态。束缚态粒子的能谱离散的,而自由粒子的能谱是连续的。[1]

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