有颌下门 (学名:Gnathostomata)旧称有颌总纲,也称有颚类、颌口类[3][4],是脊椎动物的主要演化支,源自4.5亿年前无颌总纲中的第一对鳃弓演化为上下颌的鱼类。上下颌的出现使它们的取食能力大幅增强,同时因为口腔的形成使得前脑得到了进一步演化发展的空间并最终形成了端脑,生存竞争能力也随之提高[5],成为了脊椎动物的主干类群。现存有颌类动物约6万种,占脊椎动物现生种类的99.8%。在距今约4.4亿年的地层中发现的“重庆特异埋藏化石库”[6][7]和“贵州石阡化石库”[8][9],填补了全球志留纪早期有颌类化石记录的空白,首次为有颌类的崛起与最早期辐射分化提供确切证据。
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