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敖仓,故地位于汉荥阳县城西北,以所在之敖山而得名;北临黄河和济水分流之处,南带广武山,西隔汜水,与天险雄关成皋(即虎牢)遥遥相望[1]:171。秦汉时期政府设置的粮仓。
据皇甫谧《帝王世纪》记载,商王仲丁曾率众迁居于此,河亶甲即位后又徒去。西周时,周宣王“薄狩于敖”[2]。秦始皇时,在敖山置仓积谷,“会天下粟,转输于此,故名敖仓”[3]。秦朝定都关中地区,故此设置敖仓,以为溯黄河入渭水流域之地[4]。陈胜吴广起事,田臧杀吴广后,自以精兵西于敖仓迎战秦军,田臧败死,军队被破[5]。西汉初年重修,并设荥阳敖仓官治理仓务,直属中央[6]。东汉末年废置[1]:183。
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