希腊字母和科普特字母

希腊字母和科普特字母
Greek and Coptic
希腊字母和科普特字母; Greek and Coptic
范围	U+0370..U+03FF; （144个码位）
平面	基本多文种平面（BMP）
文字	希腊字母（117个） ; 科普特字母（14个） ; 通用（4个）
应用	希腊字母
已分配	135个码位
未分配	9个保留码位
来源标准	ISO 8859-7
统一码版本历史
1.0.0	112 (+112)
1.0.1	103 (-9)
1.1	105 (+2)
3.0	110 (+5)
3.1	112 (+2)
3.2	115 (+3)
4.0	120 (+5)
4.1	124 (+4)
5.0	127 (+3)
5.1	134 (+7)
7.0	135 (+1)
相关区块
	希腊字母扩展 · 科普特字母
码表
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	注释：

希腊字母和科普特字母是一个位于基本多文种平面的Unicode区块，包含了用以书写现代希腊语（单调正写法）的希腊字母字符。它最初也用于书写科普特语^[1]，除了使用类似的希腊字母之外，也增加了独特的科普特字母。自4.1版本起，Unicode中包含了一个单独的科普特字母区块，允许在风格上对比希腊/科普特混合的文本，这也是学术著作中的惯例。书写多调正写法希腊语需要使用组合字符，或者希腊字母扩展区块中的“元音+变音符号”形式的预组字符。

Quick Facts 希腊字母和科普特字母 Greek and Coptic, 范围 ...

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虽然本区块已含有科普特字母，但在1.0版本中的名称仍为希腊字母（Greek）。^[4]

区块

希腊字母和科普特字母 Greek and Coptic^[1]^[2] Unicode Consortium 官方码表 (PDF)
	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	A	B	C	D	E	F
U+037x	Ͱ	ͱ	Ͳ	ͳ	ʹ	͵	Ͷ	ͷ			ͺ	ͻ	ͼ	ͽ	;	Ϳ
U+038x					΄	΅	Ά	·	Έ	Ή	Ί		Ό		Ύ	Ώ
U+039x	ΐ	Α	Β	Γ	Δ	Ε	Ζ	Η	Θ	Ι	Κ	Λ	Μ	Ν	Ξ	Ο
U+03Ax	Π	Ρ		Σ	Τ	Υ	Φ	Χ	Ψ	Ω	Ϊ	Ϋ	ά	έ	ή	ί
U+03Bx	ΰ	α	β	γ	δ	ε	ζ	η	θ	ι	κ	λ	μ	ν	ξ	ο
U+03Cx	π	ρ	ς	σ	τ	υ	φ	χ	ψ	ω	ϊ	ϋ	ό	ύ	ώ	Ϗ（英语：Kai (conjunction)）
U+03Dx	ϐ	ϑ	ϒ	ϓ	ϔ	ϕ	ϖ	ϗ（英语：Kai (conjunction)）	Ϙ	ϙ	Ϛ	ϛ	Ϝ	ϝ	Ϟ	ϟ
U+03Ex	Ϡ	ϡ	Ϣ	ϣ	Ϥ	ϥ	Ϧ	ϧ	Ϩ	ϩ	Ϫ	ϫ	Ϭ	ϭ	Ϯ	ϯ
U+03Fx	ϰ	ϱ	ϲ	ϳ	ϴ	ϵ	϶	Ϸ	ϸ	Ϲ	Ϻ	ϻ	ϼ	Ͻ	Ͼ	Ͽ
注释 1. ^ 依据 Unicode 14.0 2. ^ 灰色区域表示未分配的码位

历史

在Unicode 1.0.1中，为了使Unicode 1.0.1成为ISO 10646的适当子集，本区块进行了一些修改。^[1]^[2]^[3]

四个小写字母ϛ ϝ ϟ ϡ被撤回，以便进一步研究。这些字符在3.0.0版本中被重新加入。
在组合附加符号区块中，组合用粗气符、组合用柔气符及组合用锐音符与组合用横翻上逗号^{[注 1]}、组合用上逗号^{[注 2]}和组合用上竖线^{[注 3]}合并。5.1.0版本起，前两者合并前的码位U+0371与U+0372被小写的ͱ和大写的Ͳ占用。后者合并前的码位U+0384在1.1.0版本时就被可占位的锐音符^{[注 4]}占用。
组合用iota下标和组合用分音锐音符被重新命名并移至组合附加符号区块^{[注 5]}。在5.1.0版本中，前者原有码位U+0370被大写的Ͱ所占用，而后者则被可占位的分音锐音符^{[注 6]}所占用。
希腊问号、上数字符号、下数字符号被移至区块内的新位置^{[注 7]}，它们原有的码位U+03F0与U+03D8..U+03D9分别被表示“和”的符号ϗ^{[注 8]}（3.0.0）、Ϙ和ϙ（3.2.0）占用。
可占位的锐音符、可占位的分音锐音符与可占位的iota下标^{[注 9]}亦被移至区块内的新位置，它们原有的码位U+03F3与U+03F4..U+03F5，分别被小写的希腊字母ϳ（1.1.0）、符号ϴ和ϵ（3.1.0）占用。

以下Unicode文档记录了定义本区块中特定字符的目的与过程：

More information 版本, 最终码位[a] ...

版本	最终码位^[a]	码位数	UTC ID	L2（英语：International Committee for Information Technology Standards） ID	WG2（英语：ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2） ID	文档
1.0.0	U+0374..0375, 037A, 037E, 0384..0386, 0388..038A, 038C, 038E..03A1, 03A3..03CE, 03D0..03D6, 03DA, 03DC, 03DE, 03E0, 03E2..03F0	101				（待考）
				L2/06-386		Davis, Mark, Properties not preserving canonical equivalence, 2006-11-09
				L2/07-015		Moore, Lisa, UCD Canonical Check (B.14.9) [U+0374], UTC #110 Minutes, 2007-02-08
				L2/07-071		Davis, Mark, UCD Canonical Check, 2007-02-08
	U+03F1	1	UTC/1991-048B			Whistler, Ken, Alternate Rho, Draft Minutes from the UTC meeting #46 day 2, 3/27 at Apple, 1991-03-27
	U+03F2	1	UTC/1991-048B			Whistler, Ken, Lunate Sigma, Draft Minutes from the UTC meeting #46 day 2, 3/27 at Apple, 1991-03-27
1.1	U+0387, 03F3	2				（待考）
				L2/06-386		Davis, Mark, Properties not preserving canonical equivalence, 2006-11-09
				L2/07-015		Moore, Lisa, UCD Canonical Check (B.14.9) [U+0387], UTC #110 Minutes, 2007-02-08
				L2/07-071		Davis, Mark, UCD Canonical Check, 2007-02-08
3.0	U+03D7, 03DB, 03DD, 03DF, 03E1	5		L2/98-210	N1743 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）	Everson, Michael, Additional Greek characters for the UCS, 1998-05-25
				L2/98-281R (pdf, html （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）)		Aliprand, Joan, Greek characters (IV.C.2), Unconfirmed Minutes - UTC #77 & NCITS Subgroup L2 # 174 JOINT MEETING, Redmond, WA -- July 29-31, 1998, 1998-07-31
				L2/98-292R (pdf, html （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Figure 1 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）)		2.2, Comments on proposals to add characters from ISO standards developed by ISO/TC 46/SC 4, 1998-08-19
				L2/98-292	N1840 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）	2.2, Comments on proposals to add characters from ISO standards developed by ISO/TC 46/SC 4, 1998-08-25
				L2/98-293	N1885 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）	2.3, Comments on proposals to add various characters to ISO/IEC 10646, 1998-08-25
				L2/98-301	N1847 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）	Everson, Michael, Responses to NCITS/L2 and Unicode Consortium comments on numerous proposals, 1998-09-12
				L2/98-372	N1884R2 (pdf, doc （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）)	Whistler, Ken; et al, Additional Characters for the UCS, 1998-09-22
				L2/98-329	N1920 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）	Combined PDAM registration and consideration ballot on WD for ISO/IEC 10646-1/Amd. 30, AMENDMENT 30: Additional Latin and other characters, 1998-10-28
				L2/99-010	N1903 (pdf, html （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, doc （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）)	Umamaheswaran, V. S., 8.1.5.1, Minutes of WG 2 meeting 35, London, U.K.; 1998-09-21--25, 1998-12-30
3.1	U+03F4..03F5	2		L2/00-119^[b]	N2191R （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）	Whistler, Ken; Freytag, Asmus, Encoding Additional Mathematical Symbols in Unicode, 2000-04-19
				L2/00-234	N2203 (rtf, txt （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）)	Umamaheswaran, V. S., 8.18, Minutes from the SC2/WG2 meeting in Beijing, 2000-03-21 -- 24, 2000-07-21
				L2/00-115R2		Moore, Lisa, Motion 83-M11, Minutes Of UTC Meeting #83, 2000-08-08
3.2	U+03D8..03D9, 03F6	3		L2/99-018	N1938 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）	Everson, Michael, On GREEK LETTER KOPPA, 1998-12-12
				L2/99-077.1	N1975 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）	Irish Comments on SC 2 N 3210, 1999-01-20
				L2/99-054R		Aliprand, Joan, Greek Letter Koppa, Approved Minutes from the UTC/L2 meeting in Palo Alto, February 3-5, 1999, 1999-06-21
				L2/00-119^[b]	N2191R （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）	Whistler, Ken; Freytag, Asmus, Encoding Additional Mathematical Symbols in Unicode, 2000-04-19
				L2/00-234	N2203 (rtf, txt （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）)	Umamaheswaran, V. S., 8.18, Minutes from the SC2/WG2 meeting in Beijing, 2000-03-21 -- 24, 2000-07-21
				L2/00-115R2		Moore, Lisa, Motion 83-M11, Minutes Of UTC Meeting #83, 2000-08-08
				L2/01-050	N2253 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）	Umamaheswaran, V. S., RESOLUTION M39.24, Minutes of the SC2/WG2 meeting in Athens, September 2000, 2001-01-21
4.0	U+03F7..03F8	2		L2/01-007		Bunz, Carl-Martin, Bactrian, Iranianist Meeting Report: Symposium on Encoding Iranian Scripts in Unicode, 2000-12-21
				L2/02-009		Bunz, Carl-Martin, Bactrian, 2nd Iranian Meeting Report, 2001-11-23
				L2/02-056	N2411 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）	Everson, Michael, Proposal to add two Greek letters for Bactrian to the UCS, 2002-01-30
				L2/02-166R2		Moore, Lisa, Scripts and New Characters - Bactrian, UTC #91 Minutes, 2002-08-09, The UTC accepts two Greek characters for use in Bactrian
	U+03F9	1		L2/02-314R^[c]	N2512 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）	Pantelia, Maria, Proposal to add the Greek Capital Lunate Sigma Symbol to the UCS, 2002-08-21
	U+03FA..03FB	2		L2/02-313R2^[c]	N2522 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）	Pantelia, Maria, Proposal to encode the Archaic Greek Letter San and Greek Small Letter San in the UCS, 2002-11-07
	U+03FA..03FB	2		L2/04-034		March, Jeremy; Kirk, Peter; Rourke, Patrick; Anderson, Deborah, Request to Change Greek Collation Order for SAN, 2004-01-23
4.1	U+03FC	1		L2/03-157		Pantelia, Maria, Additional Beta Code Characters not in Unicode (WIP), 2003-05-19
	U+03FC	1		L2/03-188R	N2612-5	Pantelia, Maria, Proposal to encode the Greek Rho with Stroke Symbol in the UCS, 2003-06-11
	U+03FD..03FF	3		L2/02-031		Anderson, Deborah, TLG Miscellanea Proposal, 2002-01-21
				L2/02-033		Anderson, Deborah, TLG Unicode Proposal (draft), 2002-01-21
				L2/02-053		Anderson, Deborah, Description of TLG Documents, 2002-02-04
				L2/02-273		Pantelia, Maria, TLG Unicode Proposal, 2002-07-31
				L2/02-287		Pantelia, Maria, Proposal Summary Form accompanying TLG Unicode Proposal (L2/02-273), 2002-08-09
				L2/02-312R		Pantelia, Maria, Proposal to encode additional Greek editorial and punctuation characters in the UCS, 2002-11-07
				L2/03-324	N2642 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）	Pantelia, Maria, Proposal to encode additional Greek editorial and punctuation characters in the UCS, 2003-10-06
5.0	U+037B..037D	3		L2/05-076		Davis, Mark, Stability of Case Folding, 2005-02-10
					N2942 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）	Freytag, Asmus; Whistler, Ken, Proposal to add nine lowercase characters, 2005-08-12
				L2/05-108R		Moore, Lisa, Stability of Case Folding (B.14.2), UTC #103 Minutes, 2005-08-26
					N2953 (pdf, doc （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）)	Umamaheswaran, V. S., M47.5c, M47.5d, M47.5e, Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 47, Sophia Antipolis, France; 2005-09-12/15, 2006-02-16
5.1	U+0370..0373, 0376..0377	6		L2/04-388		Nicholas, Nick, Proposal to add Greek Letter Lowercase Heta and Greek Letter Capital Heta to the UCS, 2004-11-10
				L2/04-389		Nicholas, Nick, Epigraphical Greek Letters: Request for preliminary opinion, 2004-11-10
				L2/05-002		Nicholas, Nick, Proposal to add Greek Letter Lowercase Heta and Greek Letter Capital Heta (Updated fonts 2005-04-28), 2005-01-01
				L2/05-003R	N2946 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）	Nicholas, Nick, Proposal to add Greek epigraphical letters, 2005-01-01
				L2/05-054		Anderson, Deborah, Feedback on Proposals for Tack Hetas and Greek Epigraphical Letters (L2/05-002, L2/05-003), 2005-01-31
				L2/05-098		Nicholas, Nick, Proposal to add Greek epigraphical characters to the UCS, 2005-04-03
				L2/05-108R		Moore, Lisa, Greek Epigraphical Letters (C.10), UTC #103 Minutes, 2005-08-26
					N2953 (pdf, doc （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）)	Umamaheswaran, V. S., 7.4.3, Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 47, Sophia Antipolis, France; 2005-09-12/15, 2006-02-16
					N3153 (pdf, doc （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）)	Umamaheswaran, V. S., M49.1c [U+0373], Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 49 AIST, Akihabara, Tokyo, Japan; 2006-09-25/29, 2007-02-16
	U+03CF	1		L2/06-266	N3122 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）	Everson, Michael, Proposal to add Latin letters and a Greek symbol to the UCS, 2006-08-06
				L2/06-231		Moore, Lisa, C.16, UTC #108 Minutes, 2006-08-17
					N3153 (pdf, doc （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）)	Umamaheswaran, V. S., M49.3, Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 49 AIST, Akihabara, Tokyo, Japan; 2006-09-25/29, 2007-02-16
7.0	U+037F	1		L2/10-474	N3997 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）	Bobeck, Michael, Proposal to encode GREEK CAPITAL LETTER YOT, 2010-12-12
				L2/11-016		Moore, Lisa, C.9, UTC #126 / L2 #223 Minutes, 2011-02-15
					N4103 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）	11.2.8 Greek Capital Letter YOT, Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 58, 2012-01-03
[a] 建议的码位和字符名称可能与最终的结果不同。 [b] 参见“杂项数学符号-B”区块的历史一节以查看更多与数学有关的文档。 [c] 另见L2/02-031，L2/02-053，L2/02-273与L2/02-287。

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另见

科普特字母 (Unicode区段)
Unicode中的希腊字母（英语：Greek script in Unicode）
Unicode中的音标符号

注释

[注 1]
U+0314 ◌̔ COMBINING REVERSED COMMA ABOVE
[注 2]
U+0313 ◌̓ COMBINING COMMA ABOVE
[注 3]
U+030D ◌̍ COMBINING VERTICAL LINE ABOVE
[注 4]
U+0384 ΄ GREEK TONOS
[注 5]
二者今为U+0345 ◌ͅ COMBINING GREEK YPOGEGRAMMENI与U+0344 ◌̈́ COMBINING GREEK DIALYTIKA TONOS
[注 6]
U+0385 ΅ GREEK DIALYTIKA TONOS
[注 7]
三者今为U+037E ; GREEK QUESTION MARK、U+0374 ʹ GREEK NUMERAL SIGN和U+0375 ͵ GREEK LOWER NUMERAL SIGN
[注 8]
U+03D7 ϗ GREEK KAI SYMBOL
[注 9]
今为U+037A ͺ GREEK YPOGEGRAMMENI

参考资料

[1]
Unicode 1.0.1 Addendum (PDF). The Unicode Standard. 1992-11-03 [2016-07-09]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016-07-02）.
[2]
Unicode character database. The Unicode Standard. [2016-07-09]. （原始内容存档于2017-09-25）.
[3]
Enumerated Versions of The Unicode Standard. The Unicode Standard. [2016-07-09]. （原始内容存档于2016-06-29）.
[4]
3.8: Block-by-Block Charts (PDF). The Unicode Standard. version 1.0. Unicode Consortium. [2022-05-19]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2021-02-11）.

[final-14] [a]
建议的码位和字符名称可能与最终的结果不同。

[mathdocs-15] [b]
参见“杂项数学符号-B”区块的历史一节以查看更多与数学有关的文档。

[also02273-16] [c]
另见L2/02-031，L2/02-053，L2/02-273与L2/02-287。

[5] [注 1]
U+0314 ◌̔ COMBINING REVERSED COMMA ABOVE

[6] [注 2]
U+0313 ◌̓ COMBINING COMMA ABOVE

[7] [注 3]
U+030D ◌̍ COMBINING VERTICAL LINE ABOVE

[8] [注 4]
U+0384 ΄ GREEK TONOS

[9] [注 5]
二者今为U+0345 ◌ͅ COMBINING GREEK YPOGEGRAMMENI与U+0344 ◌̈́ COMBINING GREEK DIALYTIKA TONOS

[10] [注 6]
U+0385 ΅ GREEK DIALYTIKA TONOS

[11] [注 7]
三者今为U+037E ; GREEK QUESTION MARK、U+0374 ʹ GREEK NUMERAL SIGN和U+0375 ͵ GREEK LOWER NUMERAL SIGN

[12] [注 8]
U+03D7 ϗ GREEK KAI SYMBOL

[13] [注 9]
今为U+037A ͺ GREEK YPOGEGRAMMENI

[Unicode101Addendum-1] [1]
Unicode 1.0.1 Addendum (PDF). The Unicode Standard. 1992-11-03 [2016-07-09]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016-07-02）.

[UCD-2] [2]
Unicode character database. The Unicode Standard. [2016-07-09]. （原始内容存档于2017-09-25）.

[UnicodeEnumerated-3] [3]
Enumerated Versions of The Unicode Standard. The Unicode Standard. [2016-07-09]. （原始内容存档于2016-06-29）.

[4] [4]
3.8: Block-by-Block Charts (PDF). The Unicode Standard. version 1.0. Unicode Consortium. [2022-05-19]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2021-02-11）.

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[2]

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[注 2]

[注 3]

[注 4]

[注 5]

[注 6]

[注 7]

[注 8]

[注 9]

[a]

[b]

[c]