奇兹尔巴什突厥语“红头”,是指信仰伊斯兰教什叶派土库曼人民兵。他们是萨法维王朝三大支柱之一。

一名奇兹尔巴什

历史

他们绝大多数是来自小亚细亚东部及叙利亚的土库曼人,是萨法维耶教团的追随者。1502年伊斯梅尔一世打败白羊王朝后他们成为半官方军队。

但因他们是牧民不时侵害城市居民,阿拔斯一世进行军事改革后他们退居次要位置。

尽管如此,奇兹尔巴什仍然是萨法维行政机构的重要组成部分,尽管高加索人在很大程度上取代了他们。例如,即使在1690年,当格鲁吉亚人成为萨法维军队的中流砥柱时,奇兹尔巴什仍然在军队中发挥着重要作用。接替萨法维王朝的阿夫沙尔王朝卡扎尔王朝统治者源于奇兹尔巴什的背景。

在阿富汗

延伸阅读

  • Yves Bomati and Houchang Nahavandi,Shah Abbas, Emperor of Persia,1587–1629, 2017, ed. Ketab Corporation, Los Angeles, ISBN 978-1595845672, English translation by Azizeh Azodi.
  • Aslanian, Sebouh. From the Indian Ocean to the Mediterranean: The Global Trade Networks of Armenian Merchants from New Julfa. California: University of California Press. 2011. ISBN 978-0520947573.
  • Blow, David. Shah Abbas: The Ruthless King Who Became an Iranian Legend. I.B.Tauris. 2009. ISBN 978-0857716767.
  • Bournoutian, George. A Concise History of the Armenian People: (from Ancient Times to the Present) 2. Mazda Publishers. 2002: 208. ISBN 978-1568591414.
  • Floor, Willem; Herzig, Edmund. Iran and the World in the Safavid Age. I.B.Tauris. 2012. ISBN 978-1850439301.
  • Mikaberidze, Alexander. Historical Dictionary of Georgia 2. Rowman & Littlefield. 2015. ISBN 978-1442241466.
  • Rothman, E. Nathalie. Brokering Empire: Trans-Imperial Subjects between Venice and Istanbul. Cornell University Press. 2015. ISBN 978-0801463129.

参见

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