大型火成岩区域

大型火成岩区（英语：Large igneous province，LIP）^[1]，也译作大火成岩省^[2]，是在地壳中规模巨大的火成岩的堆积，包括侵入或喷出（英语：entrusive）。1992年，研究者首次用此术语描述面积大于100,000平方千米的火成岩堆积（略大于葡萄牙）—在几百万年甚至更短的地质时间间隔内，发生基性火成岩喷出或深处侵入^[3]。基性的玄武岩海床与其他正常的板块构造的地质结果不属于大型火成岩区域^[4]。

全球地质区域（资料出自USGS）

地盾   陆台   造山带   盆地   大型火成岩区   正在扩张的地壳

海洋地壳年龄:   0–20百万年   20–65百万年   >65百万年

现在，大型火成岩区域的外延不仅包括基性，也包括各类型的火成岩大面积累积。可细分为“大型火山岩区域”（large volcanic provinces，LVP）与“大型深成岩区域”（large plutonic provinces，LPP）^[5]。

大型火成岩区域基本上是地幔热柱升至地壳的结果^[6]。

某些大型火成岩区域现在还很完整，如印度的德干暗色岩；其他大型火成岩区域被板块构造运动所肢解，如中大西洋火成岩区域（英语：Central Atlantic Magmatic Province）（CAMP）分布在巴西、北美东部、西北非。

参见

• 火成岩
• 地质区域（英语：Geologic province）
• 地幔热柱
• 地质热点
• 岩石圈
• 海底高原
• 造山运动
• 橄榄岩
• 深成岩体（英语：Pluton）
• 俯冲带
• 超级火山
• 溢流玄武岩（英语：Flood basalt）
• 火山型被动边缘（英语：Volcanic passive margin）

参考文献

1. Christie-Blick, N., 曹懿麒. Eruptions and extinctions（喷发与灭绝）^{[永久失效链接]}. 岩矿世界, 1998-10-30
2. 侯增谦,卢记仁,汪云亮,夏林圻,李红阳,国连杰.1999.峨眉火成岩省：结构、成因与特色 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）[J].地质论评,45(7):885-891
3. Coffin, M; Eldholm, O. Volcanism and continental break-up: a global compilation of large igneous provinces. Storey, B.C., Alabaster, T., Pankhurst, R.J. (编). Magmatism and the Causes of Continental Breakup. Special Publication 68. London: Geological Society of London. 1992: 17–30. Bibcode:1992GSLSP..68...17C. doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.068.01.02. |journal=被忽略 (帮助)
4. Bryan, Scott; Ernst, Richard. Proposed Revision to Large Igneous Province Classification. 2007 [2014-05-11]. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2007.08.008. （原始内容存档于2019-04-05）.
5. Sheth, Hetu C. 'Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs)': Definition, recommended terminology, and a hierarchical classification (PDF). Earth-Science Reviews. 2007, 85 (3–4): 117–124 [2014-05-11]. Bibcode:2007ESRv...85..117S. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2007.07.005. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2018-01-06）.
6. Foulger, G.R. Plates vs. Plumes: A Geological Controversy. Wiley-Blackwell. 2010 [2014-05-11]. ISBN 978-1-4051-6148-0. （原始内容存档于2017-11-25）.

相关阅读

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• Campbell, IH. Large igneous provinces and the plume hypothesis. Elements. December 2005, 1 (5): 265–269. doi:10.2113/gselements.1.5.265.
• Coffin, M; Eldholm, O. Volcanism and continental break-up: a global compilation of large igneous provinces. Storey, B.C., Alabaster, T., Pankhurst, R.J. (编). Magmatism and the Causes of Continental Breakup. Special Publication 68. London: Geological Society of London. 1992: 17–30. Bibcode:1992GSLSP..68...17C. doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.068.01.02. |journal=被忽略 (帮助)
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外部链接

• Large Igneous Provinces Commission（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
• MantlePlumes.org（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）