四肢瘫痪

四肢瘫痪被定义为颈椎受损导致丧失运动控制和/或感官能力或功能障碍。丧失运动控制能力可能使到手、脚、躯干和骨盆的活动变弱甚至瘫痪，而瘫痪亦有可能属弛缓性或痉挛性^[1]。丧失感官能力则可能导致部分或全部对轻触、压力、热力、针刺、疼痛的感觉的丧失^[2]。

四肢瘫痪是由大脑或脊髓的高度损伤引起的。这种损伤被称为病变，会导致所有四个肢体（即手臂和腿）部分或全部功能丧失。这种损伤的典型原因是外伤（例如交通事故、跳入浅水、跌倒、运动创伤）、疾病（例如横贯性脊髓炎、吉巴氏综合症、多发性硬化症或脊髓灰质炎）或先天性障碍（例如肌肉萎缩症）^[3]。

参考

1. Adams MM, Hicks AL. Spasticity after spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. October 2005, 43 (10): 577–586. PMID 15838527. S2CID 2659838. doi:10.1038/sj.sc.3101757 .
2. Rupp R, Biering-Sørensen F, Burns SP, Graves DE, Guest J, Jones L, et al. International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury: Revised 2019. Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation. 2021-03-01, 27 (2): 1–22. PMC 8152171 . PMID 34108832. doi:10.46292/sci2702-1.
3. McDonald JW, Sadowsky C. Spinal-cord injury. Lancet. February 2002, 359 (9304): 417–425. PMID 11844532. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(02)07603-1 （English）. 引文格式1维护：未识别语文类型 (link)

伸延阅读

• Taylor-Schroeder S, LaBarbera J, McDowell S, Zanca JM, Natale A, Mumma S, et al. The SCIRehab project: treatment time spent in SCI rehabilitation. Physical therapy treatment time during inpatient spinal cord injury rehabilitation. The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine. 2011, 34 (2): 149–61. PMC 3066500 . PMID 21675354. doi:10.1179/107902611X12971826988057.
• Quadriplegia and Tetraplegia. Apparelyzed – Spinal Cord Injury Peer Support. n.d. [4 September 2018]. 原始内容存档于5 Jan 2014.

外部链接

• 开放目录项目中的“Tetraplegia”