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在经典逻辑中,否定后件(拉丁语:modus tollens)有如下论证形式:
它也可也被认为是否定结论,是一种有效的认证形式。
否定后件有时会与归谬法 (Proof by contradiction)(假设命题的否定成立,证明这会导致矛盾)或者反证法 (Proof by contrapositive)(证明如果P则Q,通过证明如果非Q则非P的方法实现)相混淆。
归谬法的例子如下:
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