名词类别（noun class）在语言学上指名词分类的系统。一个名词可能属于一个所给定的类别，起于它所指涉（referent）对象的特征，诸如性别、有生性、形状等，但这样在说明诸如此种名词类别、或则另一种名词类别之间所给定的名词等之特征，通常还是可以很清楚的分别。有些作者使用这个术语"语法性别"作为"名词类别"的同义字，但其他人对每个名词类别使用不同的定义。名词类别不应与量词混淆。
概念
在一般情况下，主要有三种方法辨别“自然语言分类名词（natural languages categorize nouns）”和“名词类别”之间的区别：
- 按照它们的意义相似性（语义标准）。
- 通过与具有类似的形式（形态）之名词将它们分组，或
- 通过任意的约定。
通常、使用这三种类型的标准组合作为判断，但是使用一种反而更为普遍。
参考文献
- Craig, Colette G. (1986). Noun classes and categorization: Proceedings of a symposium on categorization and noun classification, Eugene, Oregon, October 1983. Amsterdam: J. Benjamins.
- Corbett, Greville G. (1991) Gender, Cambridge University Press —A comprehensive study; looks at 200 languages.
- Corbett, Geville (1994) "Gender and gender systems". En R. Asher (ed.) The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics, Oxford: Pergamon Press, pp. 1347–1353.
- Greenberg, J. H. (1978) "How does a language acquire gender markers?". En J. H. Greenberg et al. (eds.) Universals of Human Language, Vol. 4, pp. 47–82.
- Hockett, Charles F. (1958) A Course in Modern Linguistics, Macmillan.
- Ibrahim, M. (1973) Grammatical gender. Its origin and development. La Haya: Mouton.
- Iturrioz, J. L. (1986) "Structure, meaning and function: a functional analysis of gender and other classificatory techniques". Función 1. 1-3.
- Meissner, Antje & Anne Storch (eds.) (2000) Nominal classification in African languages, Institut für Afrikanische Sprachwissenschaften, Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main. Köln: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag. ISBN 3-89645-014-X.
- Ohly, R., Kraska-Szlenk, i., Podobińska, Z. (1998) Język suahili. Wydawnictwo Akademickie "Dialog". Warszawa. ISBN 83-86483-87-3
- Pinker, Steven (1994) The Language Instinct, William Morrow and Company.
- Мячина, Е.Н. (1987) Краткий грамматический очерк языка суахили. In: Суахили-русский словарь. Kamusi ya Kiswahili-Kirusi. Москва. "Русский Язык".
- SIL: Glossary of Linguistic Terms: What is a noun class?（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
参见
外部链接
- Contini-Morava, Ellen. Noun Classification in Swahili（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. 1994.
- On nominal classes in Swahili
- World Atlas of Language Structures
- Global map and discussion of languages by type of noun class at WALS: Number of Genders（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
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