南方古颚类(学名:Notopalaeognathae)是古颚下纲的一个演化支,包含了美洲鸵鸟目、新平胸类(包括鹬鸵与鸸鹋)、𮭥形目和已灭绝的恐鸟目[3],南方古颚类下各演化支间的亲缘关系一直到近年才确立,其中𮭥与恐鸟为近亲[4][5][6][7]、鹬鸵则与鸸鹋及鹤鸵亲缘关系较近[6],此外曾栖息于马达加斯加,如今已经灭绝的象鸟同样也是鹬鸵的近亲[6]。美洲鸵鸟被认为是南方古颚类的基群[8]或是新平胸类的姊妹群[3]。南方古颚类与鸵鸟目为姊妹群。
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