单组元推进剂

单组元推进剂^[1]是由通过放热化学分解来释放能量的化学物质组成的推进剂。单组元推进剂的分子键能通常通过使用催化剂来释放。这可以与双组元推进剂相比，双组元推进剂通过氧化剂和燃料之间的化学反应释放能量。虽然单组元推进剂在规定的储存条件下是稳定的，但在其他条件下，单组元推进剂的分解非常迅速，产生大量自身的含能量（热量）气体，以完成机械功。虽然固体爆燃剂，如硝化纤维，是热兵器中最常用的推进剂，可以被认为是单组元推进剂，但在工程文献中这个术语通常是指一种液体。^[2]

用途

单组元推进剂^[3]最常见的用途是用于低脉冲单基火箭发动机^[4] ，例如RCS，通常的推进剂是肼^[5] ^[6] ，它通常会因暴露于铱^[7]而分解^[8]催化剂床（肼预热以保持反应物液体）。这种分解会产生所需的热气射流，从而产生推力。过氧化氢^[9]已被用作德国二战V-2和美国红石火箭等火箭的推进剂罐泵的动力源。 ^[10]过氧化氢通过铂催化剂网，或与二氧化锰浸渍陶瓷珠接触，或与Z-Stoff高锰酸盐溶液共注入，使过氧化氢分解为热蒸汽和氧气。

参考文献

[1]
Sybil P. Parker. McGraw-Hill dictionary of scientific and technical terms 6. McGraw-Hill. 2003: 1370. ISBN 978-0-07-042313-8. A rocket propellant consisting of a single substance, especially a liquid, capable of creating rocket thrust without the addition of a second substance.
[2]
Vere, Ray. Aviation Fuels Technology. Macmillan Education UK. 1985: 223. ISBN 9781349069040.
[3]
RAND Corporation. Space handbook: astronautics and its applications (技术报告). United States Government Printing Office: 42–46. 1959 [2022-07-20]. 86. （原始内容存档于2021-04-22）.
[4]
Resources. Rocket Motor Components, Inc. （原始内容存档于January 14, 2012）.
[5]
[1] 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期September 28, 2009，.
[6]
Sutton 1992, p. 230
[7]
Aerojet Bipropellant Engine Sets New Performance Record. Aerojet Rocketdyne. December 8, 2008 [July 13, 2014]. （原始内容存档于March 7, 2017）.
[8]
Sutton 1992, pp. 307—309
[9]
RAND Corporation. Space handbook: astronautics and its applications (技术报告). United States Government Printing Office: 31–41. 1959 [2022-07-20]. 86. （原始内容存档于2016-08-26）.
[10]
Sutton 1992, ch. 7.

[1] [1]
Sybil P. Parker. McGraw-Hill dictionary of scientific and technical terms 6. McGraw-Hill. 2003: 1370. ISBN 978-0-07-042313-8. A rocket propellant consisting of a single substance, especially a liquid, capable of creating rocket thrust without the addition of a second substance.

[2] [2]
Vere, Ray. Aviation Fuels Technology. Macmillan Education UK. 1985: 223. ISBN 9781349069040.

[spacehandbookprops-3] [3]
RAND Corporation. Space handbook: astronautics and its applications (技术报告). United States Government Printing Office: 42–46. 1959 [2022-07-20]. 86. （原始内容存档于2021-04-22）.

[4] [4]
Resources. Rocket Motor Components, Inc. （原始内容存档于January 14, 2012）.

[5] [5]
[1] 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期September 28, 2009，.

[Sutton,_230-6] [6]
Sutton 1992, p. 230

[7] [7]
Aerojet Bipropellant Engine Sets New Performance Record. Aerojet Rocketdyne. December 8, 2008 [July 13, 2014]. （原始内容存档于March 7, 2017）.

[Sutton,_307-309-8] [8]
Sutton 1992, pp. 307—309

[spacehandbookpropuls-9] [9]
RAND Corporation. Space handbook: astronautics and its applications (技术报告). United States Government Printing Office: 31–41. 1959 [2022-07-20]. 86. （原始内容存档于2016-08-26）.

[10] [10]
Sutton 1992, ch. 7.

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