微囊菌属（学名：Microcystis）也称微囊菌属，是色球藻目蓝菌的一属蓝藻，常见于淡水中，其中包含会造成有害藻华的铜绿微囊菌（Microcystis aeruginosa），其毒素会导致肝脏、胆囊病变[1]。
命名
微囊菌的学名Microcystis来自拉丁文的mikros（小）与kystis（囊状物）[2]。
特征
如命名所显示，微囊藻的特征是小型的细胞，且没有鞘的包覆[2]。细胞常聚集成大至肉眼可见的群落，本为圆形，但随细胞数增多会逐渐出现孔洞并变不规则。其原生质体的颜色为浅蓝绿色，但充满气体的囊泡常会呈暗色，这是在光学显微镜下用来鉴别微囊菌的特征之一。
种
迄今为止, 全球范围内报导了约50种。 微囊藻属包含以下数个物种[3] ：
- 铜绿微囊藻 Microcystis aeruginosa Kützing ex Lemmermann 1907，异名：Microcystis aeruginosa (Kützing 1833) Otsuka et al. 2001
- Microcystis amethystina (Filarszky 1900) Forti 1907
- 银色微囊藻 Microcystis argentea Schiller 1954
- Microcystis biformis (Braun 1879) Bourrelly 1970
- 放射微囊藻 Microcystis botrys Teiling, 1942[4]
- 喜石灰岩微囊藻 Microcystis calciphila Schwabe 1947
- Microcystis chroococcoidea West and West 1911
- Microcystis comperei Komárek 1984
- Microcystis complanata Skuja 1964[5]
- Microcystis concharum (Hansgirg 1890) Silva 1996
- Microcystis delicatissima (West and West 1912) Starmach 1966，基异名：Aphanocapsa delicatissima West and West 1912
- Microcystis dimidiata (Kützing 1834) Silva 1996
- Microcystis elabens (Brebisson 1843) Kützing 1846
- Microcystis elachista (West and West 1894) Compère 1967[6]
- Microcystis elongata Desikachary 1959
- Microcystis ferruginea Wawrik 1963，为Cyanogranis ferruginea (Wawrik 1963) Hindák 1982的异名
- Microcystis floccosa Zalessky 1926
- 水华微囊藻 Microcystis flosaquae (Wittrock et al. 1879) Kirchner 1898
- Microcystis halophila Martens and Pankow 1972[7]
- 鳞状微囊藻 Microcystis ichthyoblabe (Kunze 1823) Kützing 1843
- 不定微囊藻 Microcystis incerta (Lemmermann 1899) Lemmermann 1903
- 滨海微囊藻 Microcystis litoralis (Hansgirg 1892) Aboal 1988[8]
- Microcystis livida Meneghini 1842
- 边缘微囊藻 Microcystis marginata (Meneghini 1837) Kützing 1846，为Anacystis marginata Meneghini 1837的异名
- Microcystis montigena Hoffmann, 1986[9]
- Microcystis novacekii (Komárek 1958) Compère, 1974
- Microcystis ochracea (Brand 1898) Lemmermann, 1907
- Microcystis ovalis Hollenberg 1939
- Microcystis packardii (Farlow 1879) Tilden 1910
- Microcystis panniformis Komárek et al. 2002
- Microcystis protocystis Crow, 1923
- Microcystis protogenita Rabenhorst, 1865
- 假丝状微囊藻 Microcystis pseudofilamentosa Crow 1923
- Microcystis rosea Kufferath 1942
- Microcystis roseopersicinus (Kützing 1845) West 1904
- Microcystis salina (Woronichin 1929) Elenkin 1938
- Microcystis salinarum (Hansgirg 1887) Silva 1996
- Microcystis splendens Hollenberg 1939
- 史密斯微囊藻 Microcystis smithii Komárek and Anagnostidis 1995
- Microcystis stagnalis (Lemmermann 1900) Lemmermann 1903
- 热微囊藻 Microcystis thermalis Yoneda 1938
- 绿色微囊藻 Microcystis viridis (Braun 1865) Lemmermann 1903
- Microcystis wesenbergii (Komárek 1958) Komárek ex Komárek 2006
- Microcystis zanardinii (Hauck 1877) Silva 1996
参考资料
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