金斑蝶(学名:Danaus chrysippus,英文俗名:Plain Tiger, Common Tiger, Lesser Wanderer, African Queen,别名:桦斑蝶、桦色斑蝶、阿檀蝶、蜜黄蝶、金青斑蝶、小红蝶)是属于蛱蝶科的一种蝴蝶,是斑蝶属的一种。广泛分布于埃塞俄比亚界、东洋界及澳新界。模式产地为中国广东[2]。
Quick Facts 金斑蝶, 保护状况 ...
金斑蝶
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合翅形态
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展翅形态
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科学分类
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界:
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动物界 Animalia
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门:
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节肢动物门 Arthropoda
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纲:
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昆虫纲 Insecta
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目:
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鳞翅目 Lepidoptera
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总科:
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凤蝶总科 Papilionoidea
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科:
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蛱蝶科 Nymphalidae
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亚科:
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斑蝶亚科 Danainae
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属:
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斑蝶属 Danaus
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种:
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金斑蝶 D. chrysippus
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二名法
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Danaus chrysippus
(Linnaeus, 1758)
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亚种
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共有6个亚种,详阅正文
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异名
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- Papilio chrysippus
Linnaeus, 1758
- Papilio asclepiadis
Gagliardi, 1811
- Salatura chrysippus
Moore, [1880]
- Limnas bowringi
Moore, 1883
- Danais chrysippus var. vigelii
Heylaerts, 1884
- Danais clarippus
Weymer, 1884
- Limnas klugii
Butler, [1886]
- Limnas chrysippus
Moore, [1890]
- Danais dorippus ab. albinus
Lanz, 1896
- Danaida dorippus ab. infumata
Aurivillius, 1898
- Salatura chrysippus kanariensis
Fruhstorfer, 1899
- Danaus dorippus ab. transiens
Suffert, 1900
- Danaida chrysippus ab. chrysippellus
Strand, 1909
- Danaida dorippus ab. semialbinus
Strand, 1910
- Danais chrysippus rubra
van Eecke, 1915
- Danais chrysippus fuscippus
van Eecke, 1915
- Danais chrysippus ab. axantha
Hayward, 1922
- Danais chrysippus ab. candidata
Hayward, 1922
- Danaida praealbata
(Froreich, 1928)
- Danais chrysippus f. limbata
Matsumura, 1929
- Danais chrysippus f. subpurpurea
Matsumura, 1929
- Danaida liboria
(Hulstaert, 1931)
- Danais chrysippus ab. pseudopetilea
Kalis, 1933
- Danaus chrysippus chrysippus f. amplifascia
Talbot, 1943
- Danaus (Anosia) chrysippus
Ackery & Vane-Wright, 1984
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Close
翅膀中央鲜橙色,翅缘和前翅顶区呈黑色,有一道白色斜斑。雄蝶后翅有一囊状性标[3]。幼虫的寄主皆为夹竹桃科植物,全部有毒[4]。
金斑蝶的种小名“chrysippus”是指金色的马,而此种腹面在阳光下会有金黄色的反光,因此称为金斑蝶。此种在台湾又称“桦斑蝶”,“桦”是桦色的简称。台湾有少数昆虫名称中有“桦”或“桦色”,像桦斑蝶、桦蛱蝶、桦色细虎天牛。而“桦色”是日文的用法,在日本有更多昆虫名称中有“桦色”或“桦”这个字,而桦色是指暗红色、红棕色、红褐色这色系。台湾的昆虫中文名称有出现“桦色”或“桦”大多是翻译自日文名称。[5]
卵乳白色,表面有纵棱。蝶蛹常呈绿色,还有淡红棕色型。刚化蛹时体背会有黄色斑纹,之后会消失。[5]
雌雄斑纹相似。躯体头,胸呈黑褐色,上有白色斑点与线纹腹部背侧橙色,腹侧白色。雄蝶前足被毛,雌蝶则否。前翅翅形近三角形,外缘近翅顶处向外作弧形突出。后翅甚圆。翅背面底色橙色,前翅翅端附近黑褐色,内有白斑并约略形成一斜带。黑褐色部分后侧有一暗褐色区域延伸入中室至翅基。后翅中室端有三枚黑褐色小斑点,翅缘有黑褐色边,内有白点。后翅翅面偶有白纹。雄蝶于后翅CUA2室内有黑色袋状构造,其开口贴近CUA2脉。袋状构造内藏黑褐色特化鳞。翅腹面斑纹类似以背面,但白色斑纹较发达,前翅翅顶多一橙黄色斑。雄蝶后翅袋状构造处有一白纹。缘象毛黑白相间。[4]
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雌蝶后翅中央有三点黑斑
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雄蝶则多一个黑白色囊状性标
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白化型 form alcippoides
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刚孵化幼虫会把卵壳吃掉,并留在叶下面。初龄幼虫会在叶片下收出圆形痕迹并只吃掉叶的表片组织。在叶下面化蛹。幼虫的寄主皆为夹竹桃科有毒植物,包括马利筋,石萝莲和天星藤等。[4][7][8]
多世代蝶种,全年可见成蝶活动。出没于平地到低山约海拔0-1000米地区。卵散产在寄主嫩叶下面,有时亦可在叶柄上找到卵。无明显群集越冬行为[7]
van Swaay, C., Wynhoff, I., Wiemers, M., Katbeh-Bader, A., Power, A., Benyamini, D., Tzirkalli, E., Balletto, E., Monteiro, E., Karaçetin, E., Franeta, F., Pe'er, G., Welch, H., Thompson, K., Pamperis, L., Dapporto, L., Šašić, M., López Munguira, M., Micevski, N., Dupont, P., Garcia-Pereira, P., Moulai, R., Caruana, R., Verovnik, R., Bonelli, S. & Beshkov, S. 2014. Danaus chrysippus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2014: e.T174455A53710721.
Linnaeus, 1758; Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Clases, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Symonymis, Locis. Tomis I. 10th Edition Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1: 471, f. 81
Chou, 1994. Monografia Rhopalocerorum Sinensium 1: 270
Ackery & Vane-Wright, 1984. Milkweed butterflies, their cladistics and biology Milkweed butts.: 198, pl. 14, f. 84, pl. IX, f. 88, pl. X, f. 124
Schreber, 1759; Novae Species Insectorum: 9, f. 11-12
Felder, 1860; Lepidopterorum Amboienensium species novae diagnosibus Sber. Akad. Wiss. Wien 40 (11), 449
Moore, 1883; A Monograph of Limnaina and Euploeina, two Groups of Diurnal Lepidoptera belonging to the Subfamily Euploeinae; with Descriptions of new Genera and Species. Part I & II Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1883 (2): 238
Snellen, 1891; Beschrijving eener varieteit van Danais Chrysippus L. Tijdschr. Ent. 34: 37
Aurivillius, 1909, Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera und Heterocera (Pars 1) von Madagascar, den Comoren und den Inseln Ostafrikas in Voeltzkow, Reise in Ostafrika, 2 : 310
19世纪
- Gagliardi, 1811; Atti Inst. Incorr. Napol. 1: 155, pl. 1
- Moore, 1878, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1878 (4): 822
- Moore, [1880], Lepid. Ceylon 1 (1): 7, pl. 3, f. 1a-b
- Moore, 1883; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1883 (2): 239
- Heylaerts, 1884; Bull. Soc. ent. Belg. 28: xcix
- Weymer, 1884; Ent. Nachr. 10 (17): 257
- Butler, [1886]; Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1885 (4): 758
- Moore, [1890], Lepidoptera Indica 1: 36, 42, pl. 8-9, f. 1, 1a
- Lanz, 1896; Dt. ent. Z. Iris 9 (1): 130
- Aurivillius, 1898; K. svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. 31 (5): 33
- Fruhstorfer, 1899; Stettin ent. Ztg 59 (10-12): 412
20世纪
- Suffert, 1900; Berl. Ent. Zs. 45: 116
- Strand, 1909; Archiv Naturg. 75 (1): 375
- van Eecke, 1915; Zool. Meded. 1 (13): 205
- Strand, 1910; Soc. Ent. 25 (2): 5
- Eecke, 1915; Zool. Meded. 1 (13): 205
- van Eecke, 1915; Zool. Meded. 1 (13): 206
- Hayward, 1922; Entomologist 55: 178-179
- Matsumura, 1929; Insecta Matsumurana 3 (2/3): 91
- Kalis, 1933; Tijdschr. Ent. 76 (1-2): 54
- Talbot, 1943; Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 93 (1): 122
- Dufrane, 1948; Misc. ent. 45: 49-50
- Overlaet, 1955; Miss. de Witte 27: 7
- Stoneham, 1958; Bull. Stoneham Mus. (71): 1
- Kudrna, 1974, Atalanta 5: 98
- Lewis, 1974. Butterflies of the World: pl. 198, f. 7
- Smart, 1976. The Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Butterfly World Illust. Encyp. Butt. World
- Ackery & Vane-Wright, 1984. Milkweed butterflies, their cladistics and biology Milkweed butts.: 209, pl. 19, f. 112-115, pl. IX, f. 98, pl. X, f. 115, 133, pl. XI, f. 150, 152
- Larsen, 1996. The Butterflies of Kenya and their natural history Butterflies of Kenya, 256, pl. 27, f. 385
21世纪
- Tuzov, Bogdanov, Churkin, Devyatkin, Dantchenko, Murzin, Samodurov, Zhdanko, 2000. Guide to the Butterflies of Russia and adjacent territories: Libytheidae, Danaidae, Nymphalidae, Riodinidae, Lycaenidae Butts. Russia adj. terr. 2 : 10, pl. 1, f. 5-6
- 杨建业, 饶戈. 2002. 香江蝶影. 万里机构万里书店出版
- van Swaay, C., Wynhoff, I., Verovnik, R., Wiemers, M., López Munguira, M., Maes, D., Sasic, M., Verstrael, T., Warren, M. & Settele, J. 2010. Danaus chrysippus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010: e.T174455A7075393.
- Korb & Bolshakov, 2011, Eversmannia Suppl. 2: 28
近期研究
- Smith, D. A., Traut, W., Martin, S. H., Ireri, P., Omufwoko, K. S., & Gordon, I. J. (2019). Neo Sex Chromosomes, Colour Polymorphism and Male-Killing in the African Queen Butterfly, Danaus chrysippus (L.). Insects, 10(9), 291.