1-碘丁烷

1-碘丁烷是一种有机化合物，化学式为C₄H₉I，它是丁烷的甲基氢被碘取代的产物。

1-碘丁烷[1]
Ball and stick model of butyl iodide Butyl iodide
IUPAC名 1-Iodobutane[2]
别名	碘代正丁烷 正丁基碘
识别
CAS号	542-69-8  Y
PubChem	10962
ChemSpider	10497
SMILES	CCCCI
Beilstein	1420755
UN编号	1993
EINECS	208-824-4
RTECS	EK4400000
MeSH	1-iodobutane
性质
化学式	C4H9I
摩尔质量	184.02 g·mol−1
外观	无色液体
密度	1.6171 g·cm−3[3]
熔点	−103.0 °C（170.2 K）[4]
沸点	130.5 °C（403.6 K）[4] 39 °C（312 K）（23 Torr）[5]
kH	630 nmol Pa−1 kg−1
折光度n D	1.5003（20 °C，589.3 nm）[6]
危险性
GHS危险性符号
GHS提示词	危险
H-术语	H226, H331
P-术语	P261, P311
闪点	33 °C（306 K）
相关物质
相关化学品	1-氟丁烷（德语：1-Fluorbutan） 1-氯丁烷 1-溴丁烷
若非注明，所有数据均出自标准状态（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。

制备

1-碘丁烷可由1-溴丁烷和碘化钠反应得到。^[7]

${\displaystyle \mathrm {NaI+C_{4}H_{9}Br\longrightarrow C_{4}H_{9}I+NaBr} }$

1-丁醇和红磷、碘反应^[8]，或和其它碘化试剂（如氢碘酸^[9]、三苯基膦-碘^[10]、亚磷酸三苯酯-碘^[11]、1-碘-N,N,2-三甲基丙烯胺^[12]）反应，都可以得到1-碘丁烷。

反应

1-碘丁烷是一种烷基化试剂，经过反应可以得到含有丁基的化合物，如和咪唑类化合物反应，得到咪唑𬭩盐^[13]；和苯硫酚反应，得到苯基正丁基硫醚^[14]；和苯乙炔基锂反应，得到己炔基苯^[15]。

它和硫氰酸钾在乙醇中回流反应，得到硫氰酸丁酯。^[16]

${\displaystyle \mathrm {C_{4}H_{9}Br+KSCN\longrightarrow C_{4}H_{9}SCN+KI} }$

它和镁在乙醚中回流，得到格氏试剂正丁基碘化镁^[17]；和锌在四氢呋喃中发生类似反应，得到正丁基碘化锌。^[18]

${\displaystyle \mathrm {C_{4}H_{9}I+Mg\longrightarrow C_{4}H_{9}MgI} }$

${\displaystyle \mathrm {C_{4}H_{9}I+Zn\longrightarrow C_{4}H_{9}ZnI} }$

参考文献

1. Merck Index, 13th Edition, 1572.
2. 1-iodobutane - Compound Summary. PubChem Compound. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. 2005-03-26 [2012-03-04]. （原始内容存档于2012-10-11）.
3. van de Walle, H.; de Landsberg, V. Preparation of symmetrical bromoiodoethylene. Bulletin des Societes Chimiques Belges, 1930. 39. 309-330. ISSN: 0037-9646.
4. Timmermans, J. The melting point of organic substances. X. Bulletin des Societes Chimiques Belges, 1927. 36. 502-518. ISSN: 0037-9646.
5. Amriev, R. A.; Velichko, F. K.; Bondarenko, O. P.; Freidlina, R. Kh. Reactions of organoiodide compounds, initiated by iron pentacarbonyl. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, 1985. 284 (1): 136-140. ISSN: 0002-3264.
6. Franzen, Volker. Exchange of chlorine or bromine for iodine in aliphatic and aromatic compounds. Chemische Berichte, 1954. 87. 1148-1154. ISSN: 0009-2940.
7. Joachim Buddrus, Bernd Schmidt, [《1-碘丁烷》在Google Books的内容。 Grundlagen der Organischen Chemie], Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. 2015: pp. 250,

   ISBN 978-3-11-033105-9

   （德文）
8. Sulikowski, Gary A.; Sulikowski, Michelle M.; Haukaas, Michael H.; Moon, Bongjin. Iodomethane. e-EROS Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis. pp 1-10. ISBN 978-0-470-84289-8.
9. Klein, Suzane M.; Zhang, Cungen; Jiang, Yu Lin. Simple synthesis of fresh alkyl iodides using alcohols and hydriodic acid. Tetrahedron Letters, 2008. 49 (16): 2638-2641. ISSN: 0040-4039. DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.02.106
10. Hajipour, Abdol Reza; Mostafavi, Majid; Ruoho, Arnold E. Iodination of alcohols using triphenylphosphine/iodine in ionic liquid under solvent-free conditions. Organic Preparations and Procedures International, 2009. 41 (1): 87-91. ISSN: 0030-4948. DOI: 10.1080/00304940802711127
11. Castro, Bertrand R. Replacement of alcoholic hydroxyl groups by halogens and other nucleophiles via oxyphosphonium intermediates. Organic Reactions (Hoboken, NJ, United States), 1983. 29. DOI: 10.1002/0471264180.or029.01.
12. Munyemana, Francois; Frisque-Hesbain, Anne Marie; Devos, Alain; Ghosez, Leon. Synthesis of alkyl halides under neutral conditions. Tetrahedron Letters, 1989. 30 (23): 3077-3080. ISSN: 0040-4039. DOI: 10.1016/S0040-4039(00)99407-3.
13. Nagashima, Masumi; Kawahara, Takeo. Preparation of imidazolium iodides. 2002. JP 2002145864 A.
14. Vijaikumar, Sakthivel; Pitchumani, Kasi. Simple, solvent free syntheses of unsymmetrical sulfides from thiols and alkyl halides using hydrotalcite clays. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 2004. 217 (1-2): 117-120. ISSN: 1381-1169. DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2004.03.002.
15. Xu, Guoqiang; Li, Xiaoyan; Sun, Hongjian. Nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling of primary alkyl halides with phenylethynyl- and trimethylsilyethynyllithium reagents. Journal of Organometallic Chemistry, 2011. 696 (18): 3011-3014. ISSN: 0022-328X. DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2011.05.017
16. Benfodda, Zohra; Guillen, Franck; Arnion, Helene; Dahmani, Abdelkader; Blancou, Hubert. A new synthesis of alkane and polyfluoroalkanesulfonyl chlorides. Heteroatom Chemistry, 2009. 20 (6): 355-361. ISSN: 1042-7163. DOI: 10.1002/hc.20559.
17. Kawasaki, Masashi; Shimizu, Momo; Kuroyanagi, Saki; Shishido, Yoshiaki; Komiyama, Tsuyoshi; Toyooka, Naoki. Syntheses and odor properties of optically active dimethyl octenone and its analogs. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 2016. 27 (6): 285-293. ISSN: 0957-4166. DOI:10.1016/j.tetasy.2016.02.002.
18. Fleckenstein, Julia E.; Koszinowski, Konrad. Lithium organozincate complexes LiRZnX₂: common species in organozinc chemistry. Organometallics, 2011. 30 (18): 5018-5026. ISSN: 0276-7333. DOI: 10.1021/om200637s.