食物网是指各个食物链之间的相互联系和相互交错。一旦某物种的数量急剧下降,则会影响食物网[1]。生态学家把所有的物种基本归入自养动物和异养动物。自养动物从无机物中产生有机物,这当中涉及的化学反应需要能量,而能量主要来自于太阳。异养生物通过进食自养生物和其他异养生物以获得有机物给养[2]

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