锂的同位素
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锂(原子量:6.941(2))共有10个已知同位素,质量数介于4-13之间,其中有2个是稳定的,其他都具有放射性。天然存在的锂同位素有2个,分别是6Li和7Li,皆为稳定同位素,其中以7Li占天然锂的大部分,丰度为92.41%。其他放射性同位素都不出现在自然界中,只有在实验室制造出来过,且半衰期都极短,非常不稳定。一般来说,盐湖锂矿所含的锂-6比例多低于海洋背景水平,茶卡盐湖的尤其低;[2]方沸石所含的锂-6含量稍高于背景值。
图表
More information 符号, Z ...
符号 | Z | N | 同位素质量(u) [n 1][n 2] |
半衰期 [n 2] |
衰变 方式[3] |
衰变 产物 [n 3] |
原子核 自旋 |
相对丰度 (莫耳分率)[4][n 2] |
相对丰度 的变化量 (莫耳分率)[5] |
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激发能量[n 2] | |||||||||
3 Li |
3 | 0 | 7000303077500000000♠3.030775#[6] | p | 2 He |
||||
4 Li |
3 | 1 | 7000402719000000000♠4.02719(23) | 6977909999999999999♠91(9)×10−24 s [6987966112421661000♠6.03 MeV] |
p | 3 He |
|||
5 Li |
3 | 2 | 7000501254000000000♠5.01254(5) | 6978370000000000000♠37(3)×10−23 s [~6987240326473050000♠1.5 MeV] |
p | 4 He |
3/2− | ||
6 Li |
3 | 3 | 7000601512279500000♠6.015122795(16) | 稳定 | 1+ | 0.0485(171) | [6998190000000000000♠0.019, 6998780000000000000♠0.078] | ||
7 Li [n 4] |
3 | 4 | 7000701600455000000♠7.01600455(8) | 稳定 | 3/2− | 0.9515(171) | [6999922000000000000♠0.922, 6999981000000000000♠0.981] | ||
8 Li |
3 | 5 | 7000802248736000000♠8.02248736(10) | 6999840299999999999♠840.3(9) ms | β− | 8 Be [n 5] |
2+ | ||
9 Li |
3 | 6 | 7000902678950000000♠9.0267895(21) | 6999178300000000000♠178.3(4) ms | β−, n (50.8%) | 8 Be [n 6] |
3/2− | ||
β− (49.2%) | 9 Be | ||||||||
10 Li |
3 | 7 | 7001100354810000000♠10.035481(16) | 6979199999999999999♠2.0(5)×10−21 s [6987192261178440000♠1.2(3) MeV] |
n | 9 Li |
(1−,2−) | ||
10m1 Li |
6986320435297400000♠200(40) keV | 6979370000000000000♠3.7(15)×10−21 s | 1+ | ||||||
10m2 Li |
6986769044713760000♠480(40) keV | 6979135000000000000♠1.35(24)×10−21 s | 2+ | ||||||
11 Li [n 7] |
3 | 8 | 7001110437980000000♠11.043798(21) | 6997875000000000000♠8.75(14) ms | β−, n (84.9%) | 10 Be |
3/2− | ||
β− (8.07%) | 11 Be | ||||||||
β−, 2n (4.1%) | 9 Be | ||||||||
β−, 3n (1.9%) | 8 Be [n 8] | ||||||||
β−, α (1.0%) | 7 He , 4 He | ||||||||
β−, SF (.014%) | 8 Li , 3 H | ||||||||
β−, SF (.013%) | 9 Li , 2 H | ||||||||
12 Li |
3 | 9 | 7001120537800000000♠12.05378(107)# | <6992100000000000000♠10 ns | n | 11 Li |
|||
13 Li [7] |
3 | 10 | (13)# |
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注释
- 画上#号的数据代表没有经过实验的证明,仅为理论推测。
- 用括号括起来的数据代表不确定性。
- Immediately decays into two 4He atoms for a net reaction of 8Li → 24He + e−
- Immediately decays into two 4He atoms for a net reaction of 9Li → 24He + 1n + e−
- Has 2 halo(英语:halo nucleus) neutrons
- Immediately decays into two 4He atoms for a net reaction of 11Li → 24He + 31n + e−
参考文献
- Meija, Juris; et al. Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2016, 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
- Mao-Yong He, Chong-Guang Luo, Hong-Jun Yang, Fan-Cui Kong, Yu-Long Li, Li Deng, Xi-Ying Zhang, Kai-Yuan Yang, Sources and a proposal for comprehensive exploitation of lithium brine deposits in the Qaidam Basin on the northern Tibetan Plateau, China: Evidence from Li isotopes, Ore Geology Reviews, Volume 117, 2020, 103277, ISSN 0169-1368, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2019.103277. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169136819304925)
- Universal Nuclide Chart. Nucleonica. [2012-09-27]. (原始内容存档于2017-02-19).
- Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 2021, 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
- Atomic Weight of Lithium. ciaaw.org. [2021-10-21]. (原始内容存档于2021-09-19).
- Isotopes of Lithium. [20 October 2013]. (原始内容存档于2018-01-03).
- Brookhaven National Laboratory Interactive Table of Nuclides (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) nndc.bnl.gov [2015-9-14]
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