西哥特王国(拉丁语:Hispania Visigothica)是5世纪至8世纪,由西哥特人在罗马帝国阿基坦高卢行省境内创建并扩张到整个伊比利亚半岛的一个王国。
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Quick Facts Hispania Visigothica西哥特王国, 首都 ...
Hispania Visigothica 西哥特王国 |
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![公元700年的西哥特王国](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Iberia_700-zh.svg/250px-Iberia_700-zh.svg.png) 公元700年的西哥特王国 |
首都 | 图卢兹(直至507年) 纳博讷 巴塞罗那 托莱多 |
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常用语言 | 通俗拉丁语 哥德语 |
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宗教 | 阿里乌斯教 天主教 |
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政府 | 君主制 |
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国王 | |
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• 418-419年 | 瓦利亚(首任) |
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• 714-720年 | Ardo(末代) |
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历史 | |
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| 418年 |
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| 451年 |
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• 武耶战役 | 507年 |
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• 第三次托莱多宗教会议 | 589年 |
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| 711年 |
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• 被穆斯林征服 | 720年 |
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公元374年,匈人从中亚经里海进入顿河、第聂伯河流域,征服那里的阿兰人和东哥特人,接著向黑海北岸的西哥特人进攻,迫使约一万五千名西哥特人在东部罗马皇帝瓦伦斯的允许下,于376年渡过多瑙河,向巴尔干半岛迁移,定居于罗马帝国境内,作为同盟者为罗马帝国御边。378年,西哥特人不堪忍受罗马人的奴役,举行武装起义,在阿德里安堡战役击败并杀死东部罗马皇帝瓦伦斯。之后的皇帝狄奥多西一世为安抚西哥特人,将他们安置于帝国边境,同时利用他们戍边。
但是狄奥多西一世于395年去世后,西哥特人随即断绝了他们与罗马的同盟关系,推举亚拉里克为国王。亚拉里克率领西哥特人进入希腊半岛,洗劫了科林斯、阿尔戈斯和斯巴达等重要城市,401年,东罗马帝国皇帝阿卡狄奥斯以割让伊利里亚行省和大量金钱为条件,使西哥特人同意不再骚扰东部罗马,西哥特人在首领亚拉里克领导下,转往西罗马帝国侵入意大利,其最初被西罗马的日耳曼将军斯提里科击败,然而其后西罗马皇帝霍诺留斯听信谗言将斯提里科处决,此举大大激怒了斯提里科麾下能征善战的日耳曼士兵,结果使他们几乎全加入了亚拉里克的队伍,亚拉里克便在四万奴隶和数万蛮族出身的罗马士兵配合下,于在410年攻占罗马城,大肆劫掠三日后离去,419年,西哥特人在阿基坦高卢和那旁高卢和伊比利亚半岛,以土鲁斯为中心建立第一个得到罗马帝国承认的蛮族王国,西哥德王国。
在尤里克统治期间西哥特势力迅速扩张,当奥多亚塞于476年推翻西罗马帝国时尤里克立即占领普罗旺斯地区。但在507年,西哥特人被克洛维一世领导下的法兰克人击败,丧失了阿基坦地区的控制权,退出了高卢 。
6世纪的伊比利亚半岛在西哥特人的统治下没有发生地震式的政治事件。伊比利亚半岛上的国王们在保留罗马的旧有行政方式上比墨洛温王朝统治者们更成功些,特别是在估税和收税方面。他们在统治早期比墨洛温王朝缺乏一个宗教方面的重要优势,因为信奉亚流派的西哥德统治者与信奉天主教的西班牙-罗马人以及犹太教臣民在信仰上并不统一。
公元587年,西哥特国王雷卡雷德一世(586年-601年在位)带领西哥特贵族和大多数亚流派的神职人员改信天主教,总算解决了这个问题,也促进了旧罗马贵族和西哥德贵族的联合。589年,雷卡雷德一世在都城托莱多召开教会大会,两教合为一体。随后,西哥特国王强行推进天主教的普及,与犹太教爆发了冲突(导致阿拉伯人入侵时犹太人首先投降)。
西哥特王国于570年代起至620年代从东罗马帝国手中逐渐收回伊比利亚半岛沿岸地区,后来权利和财富渐渐流入强势的地方贵族手中。公元711年,倭马亚王朝入侵伊比利亚半岛,公元714年被阿拉伯帝国攻灭,西哥特王国灭亡。
More information 西哥特国王世系图 ...
西哥特国王世系图
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| | | | | | | | | | | | Rothesteus Sub-king of the Visigoths | | | | | | 狄奥多西大帝 Roman Emperor 347-379–395 | | ? Athanaric ?-381 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| | | | | | | | Atharid | | Alaric I 西哥特国王 370/375–395–410 | | 未知 | | 加拉·普拉西提阿 388–450 | | Ataulf 西哥特国王 ≈370–410-415 | | Wallia 西哥特国王≈385–415-418 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | Theodoric I 西哥特国王 ≈393–418-451 | | 未知 | | Theodosius 414-415 | | Rechila Suevic King of Galicia ?-438-448 | | 未知 | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| | | | Thorismund 西哥特国王 ≈420–451–453 | | Theodoric II 西哥特国王 ≈426–453-466 | | Frederic ?-466 | | Euric 西哥特国王 415–466–484 | | Ragnachildis | | Retimer | | Himnerith | | Theodoric the Great K. of Ostrogoths 454-475–526 Regent r.511-526 | | | | | | |
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| | | | Remismund King of the Suevi ?-464–469 | | 未知 | | Odoacer King of Italy 433–476–493 | | Evochilde 446-? | | Alaric II King of the Visigoths ≈458/466–484-507 | | Theodegotha 476?-524 | | Clovis I King of the Franks 466-509–511-511 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Gesalec 西哥特国王 ?–507-511-513 | | Amalaric King of the Visigoths 502–511-531 | | Clotilde ≈500–531 | | Eustere 494?-521 | | Theuderic I King of Metz 485–511-533/4 | | Chlothar I King of the Franks 497–558–561 | | |
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| | | | | | | | Liuva I 西哥特国王 ?-568–571/2 | | Theodosia | | Liuvigild 西哥特国王 ≈519–568–586 | | Goiswintha | | Athanagild 西哥特国王 ≈517–554–567 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Galswintha 540–568 | | Chilperic I King of Neustria c.539–561-584 | | | Brunhilda of Austrasia c.543–613 | | Sigebert I King of Austrasia c.535–561-c.575 | | | | | |
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| | | | Baddo | | Reccared I 西哥特国王 559–586-601 | | Chlodosind 569-? | | | | | | Hermenegild ?-585 | | Ingund 568/567-585 | | Merovech | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| | | | Liuva II King of the Visigoths 584–601–603 | | 未知 | | Sisebut King of the Visigoths 565-612–621 | | | | | | | | | | | Atanagildo ≈583-? | | Witteric 西哥特国王 ≈565-603–610 | | | | | | | | | | |
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| | | | | | | | Reccared II King of the Visigoths ?–621 | | Theodora ≈590-? | | Suintila 西哥特国王 ≈588–621– 631-633/635 | | Geila | | | | | | | Ermenberga ≈590-? | | Theuderic II King of Burgundy 587-595–613 | | | | | | | |
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| | | | Chintila 西哥特国王 ≈606-636–640 | | Sisenand King of the Visigoths 605–631-636 | | Ricimer ≈610–631 | | Chindasuinth 西哥特国王 563–641–653 | | Recciberga | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| | | | Tulga King of the Visigoths ?-640–641-? | | Recceswinth King of the Visigoths ?-649–672 | | Theodofred Duke of Cordoba | | Favila Duke of Cantabria ≈684-701 | | Gada | | Ardabasto | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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? Giscila | | Ariberga | | Wamba 西哥特国王 ≈643–672– 680-687/688 | | Roderic King of the Visigoths ?-710–712 | | Pelagius 阿斯图里亚斯国王 685-718–737 | | Erwig King of the Visigoths aft.642–680-687 | | Liuvigoto 620-? | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| | | | Egica 西哥特国王 610–687–701/703 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Cixilo | | Peter Duke of Cantabria ?-730 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| | | | | | | | Wittiza 西哥特国王 ≈687–694–710? | | Oppas Bishop of Seville ?-712 | | Sisebuto | | Alfonso I 阿斯图里亚斯国王 ≈693-739–757 | | Fruela of Cantabria ?-758 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| | | | | | | | ? Achila II 西哥特国王 ?-711–714? | | | | | | | | | | Kings of the Kingdom of Asturias | | Kings of the Kingdom of Asturias | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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