陶乐鲶科(学名:Doradidae)是辐鳍鱼纲鲶形目的其中一科。原产于南美洲,主要分布于巴西、秘鲁、盖亚那。
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大多数的南美洲盆地都有陶乐鲶的分布。不过在太平洋沿岸流域和拉普拉塔河以南的沿海流域并没有陶乐鲶。其中70 %的有效物种分布于亚马逊河流域;例如,奥里诺科盆地的港口大约有22种,且为排名第二丰富的物种。另一方面,在巴西东部沿海盆地只发现2种陶乐鲶;分别为,热基蒂尼奥尼亚(Jequitinhonha)和帕尔多河(Pardo river)的沃特氏陶乐鲶(wertheimeria maculata),以及paraguaçu河的kalyptodoras bahiensis。
经由在背鳍前发达的颈盾,以及侧线高度骨化作用后形成的带刺菱鳞可以很容易的辨认出陶乐鲶。陶乐鲶通常也有三对触须(无鼻触须)、一个脂鳍和背鳍上有四到六条刺鳍(第一刺鳍上有棘)。有时,这些鱼会被称为〝会说话的鲶鱼〞,这是因为他们能藉著移动胸棘或是震动鳔来发出声音。
- 亚马逊河陶乐棘鲶 Acanthodoras cataphractus
- 扁陶乐棘鲶 Acanthodoras depressus
- 多刺陶乐棘鲶 Acanthodoras spinosissimus
- 白斑蜴鲶 Agamyxis albomaculatus
- 梳额蜴鲶 Agamyxis pectinifrons
- 尖吻安渡陶鲶 Anduzedoras oxyrhynchus
- 星额陶鲶 Astrodoras asterifrons
- 大臂刺陶鲶 Centrodoras brachiatus
- 南美刺陶鲶 Cendrodoras hasemani
- 安芬黑森鲶 Hassar affinis (Steindachner, 1881)
- 神秘黑森鲶 Hassar gabiru Birindelli, Fayal & Wosiacki, 2011[1]
- 亚马逊河黑森鲶 Hassar orestis (Steindachner, 1875)
- 施氏黑森鲶 Hassar shewellkeimi Sabaj Pérez & Birindelli, 2013
- 怀氏黑森鲶 Hassar wilderi Kindle, 1895
- 莫氏半棘𬶏 Hemidoras morrisi
- 窄头半棘𬶏 Hemidoras stenopeltis
- 叉形下陶鲶 Hypodoras forficulatus
- 石陶乐鲶 Lithodoras dorsalis (Valenciennes, 1840),基异名:Doras dorsalis Valenciennes, 1840
- 大陶乐鲶 Megalodoras guayoensis
- 瞻星大陶乐鲶 Megalodoras uranoscopus
- 真陶乐鲶 Merodoras nheco Higuchi, Birindelli, Sousa & Britski, 2007
- 艾氏高山陶鲶 Orinocodoras eigenmanni Myers, 1927
- 星鳔骨锚鲶 Ossancora asterophysa
- 艾氏骨锚鲶 Ossancora eigenmanni
- 缨唇骨锚鲶 Ossancora fimbriata
- 斑点骨锚鲶 Ossancora punctata
- 阿纳纳琴鲶 Physopyxis ananas
- 高冠琴鲶 Physopyxis cirstata
- 利拉琴鲶 Physopyxis lyra
- 南美吻陶鲶 Rhynodoras armbrusteri
- 伯氏吻陶鲶 Rhynodoras boehlkei
- 多氏吻陶鲶 Rhynodoras dorbignyi
- 加氏吻陶鲶 Rhynodoras gallagheri
- 汤氏吻陶鲶 Rhynodoras thomersoni
- Scorpiodoras calderonensis (Vaillant, 1880)
- 赫氏蝎鲶 Scorpiodoras heckelii (Kner, 1855)[2]
- 野蝎鲶 Scorpiodoras liophysus Sousa & Birindelli, 2011
- 短身粗皮陶鲶 Trachydoras brevis (Kner, 1853)
- Trachydoras gepharti Sabaj & Hernández, 2017[3]
- 小口粗皮陶鲶 Trachydoras microstomus (Eigenmann, 1912)
- 奈氏粗皮陶鲶 Trachydoras nattereri (Steindachner, 1881)
- 巴拉圭粗皮陶鲶 Trachydoras paraguayensis (Eigenmann & Ward, 1907)
- 亚马逊河粗皮陶鲶 Trachydoras steindachneri (Perugia, 1897)
- 巴西沃特氏陶鲶 Wertheimeria maculata Steindachner, 1877
Birindelli, J.L.O., Fayal, D.F. & Wosiacki, W.B. 2011. Taxonomic revision of thorny catfish genus Hassar (Siluriformes: Doradidae). Neotropical Ichthyology. 9(Steindachner, 1881) (3): 515-542. : http://www.ufrgs.br/ni/vol9num3/v09n3a06.pdf
Sousa, L.M. & Birindelli, J.L.O. 2011. Taxonomic Revision of the Genus Scorpiodoras (Siluriformes: Doradidae) with Resurrection of Scorpiodoras calderonensis and Description of a New Species. Copeia. 2011 (1): 121-140.
Mark Henry Sabaj and Mariangeles Arce Hernández. 2017. Taxonomic Assessment of the Hard-Nosed Thornycats (Siluriformes: Doradidae: Trachydoras Eigenmann 1925) with Description of Trachydoras gepharti, n. sp. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 166(1);1-53. DOI: 10.1635/053.166.0102