蚌科（学名：Unionidae），又名石蛤科或珠蚌科，是软体动物门双壳纲古异齿类一个淡水生的物种分支，也是现时蚌目之内最大的一个科[1][2]，蚌总科之下四个科之一[3]。受生长地带所限，本科物种的分布往往受地缘因素限制。
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由于淡水蚌类存在趋同演化现象，致使依靠物种间的型态特征的分类存在许多争议[4]。
在华文文献，本科被划分为三个亚科，分别如下[5]：
而根据ITIS在2014年的数据[6]，蚌科物种可分为下列六个亚科，以及一个有八个属的科地位未定群组：
另外还有其他文献将东亚及东南亚的蚌科物种分为Pseudodontinae、Rectidentinae 及 Parreysiinae这三个亚科[7]。
蚌科在全球有142属600多种[5]。
以下为按地域分布而分类的所有本科的属：
- 遍布各地
- 无齿蚌属 Anodonta
- 波多密蚌属 Potomida
- 珠蚌属 Unio
- 只在非洲
- Brazzaea
- Coelatura
- Germainaia
- Grandidieria
- Mweruella
- Nitia
- Nyassunio
- Prisodontopsis
- Pseudospatha
- 只在中美洲与墨西哥
- Arotonaias
- Barynaias
- Cyrtonaias
- Delphinonaias
- Disconaias
- Friersonia
- Martensnaias
- Micronaias
- Nephritica
- Nephronaias
- Pachynaias
- Popenaias
- Psoronaias
- Psorula
- Reticulatus
- Sphenonaias
- 只在东亚
- 尖丽蚌属 Aculamprotula
- 尖嵴蚌属 Acuticosta
- 船蚌属 Anemina
- 扭蚌属 Arconaia
- Caudiculatus
- 室蚌属 Chamberlainia
- Contradens
- 冠蚌属 Cristaria
- Ctenodesma
- 楔蚌属 Cuneopsis
- Discomya
- Elongaria
- Ensidens
- Harmandia
- 帆蚌属 Hyriopsis
- 倒齿蚌属 Inversidens
- Inversiunio
- 丽蚌属 Lamprotula
- 矛蚌属 Lanceolaria Conrad, 1853
- 莱昂雕刻蚌属 Leoparreysia Vikhrev, Bolotov & Aksenova, 2017
- 鳞皮蚌属 Lepidodesma
- Modellnaia
- Modellnaia siamensis Brandt, 1974
- Namkongnaia
- Namkongnaia inkhavilayi Jeratthitikul, Sutcharit, Ngor & Prasankok, 2021[8]
- Namkongnaia lemeslei (Morelet, 1875)[8]
- 结节蚌属 Nodularia Mertens ex Bornet & Flahault, 1886
- Oxynaia F.Haas, 1913，为Nodularia Conrad, 1853的异名
- Physunio C.T.Simpson, 1900
- Physunio aequilatus Tolstikova, 1975
- Physunio chitwanensis Takayasu, Gurung & Matsuoka, 1995
- Physunio laeviusculus Tolstikova, 1976
- Physunio massini (Morelet, 1864)
- Physunio modelli Brandt, 1974
- Physunio pakistanus Modell, 1969
- Physunio pellucidus J.M.Pfeiffer, D.L.Graf, K.S.Cummings & L.M.Page, 2021
- Physunio (Physunio) superbus (I.Lea, 1843)
- Physunio velaris Sowerby, 1868
- Physunio zayssanensis (Martinson & Tolstikova, 1969)
- Pilsbryoconcha
- Pressidens
- Prohyriopsis
- Pronodularia
- Protunio
- 假柏夫蚌属 Pseudobaphia
- 拟齿蚌属 Pseudodon
- 尖锄蚌属 Ptychorhynchus Simpson, 1900
- Rectidens
- 菱形蚌属 Rhombuniopsis F.Haas, 1920
- 糙蚌属 Scabies [9]
- Schepmania
- 裂脊蚌属 Schistodesmus Simpson, 1900
- Simpsonella
- 中华无齿蚌属 Sinanodonta Modell, 1945
- 蛏蚌属 Solenaia
- Unionetta
- 只在欧洲
- Microcondylaea
- 拟无齿蚌属 Pseudanodonta
- 只在印度次大陆
- Arcidopsis
- Assamnaia Bolotov, Sonowal, Kardong, Pasupuleti and Subba Rao[10]
- Lamellidens C.T.Simpson, 1900
- Lamellidens alcobacensis (Choffat, 1885)
- Lamellidens arungensis Takayasu, Gurung & Matsuoka, 1995
- Lamellidens brandti Bolotov, Konopleva et Vikhrev, 2017 [11]
- Lamellidens candaharicus (T.Hutton, 1849)
- Lamellidens carteri (Hislop, 1860)
- Lamellidens chindwinensis Bolotov, Konopleva, Nyein Chan, Zau Lunn, Kondakov & Vikhrev, 2022
- Lamellidens corrianus (I.Lea, 1834)
- Lamellidens deccanensis (J.de C.Sowerby, 1840)
- Lamellidens ferrugineus (Annandale, 1918)
- Lamellidens friersoni (C.T.Simpson, 1914)
- Lamellidens generosus (A.Gould, 1847)
- Lamellidens jammuensis Prashad, 1928
- Lamellidens jenkinsianus (W.H.Benson, 1862)
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- Lamellidens lamellatus (I.Lea, 1838)
- Lamellidens lewisi H.E.Vokes, 1935
- Lamellidens mainwaringi Preston, 1912
- Lamellidens marginalis (Lamarck, 1819)
- Lamellidens narainpirensis Preston, 1912
- Lamellidens nongyangensis Preston, 1912
- Lamellidens phenchooganjensis Preston, 1912
- Lamellidens proctori Prashad, 1930
- Lamellidens quadratus Annandale, 1924
- Lamellidens savadiensis (G.Nevill, 1877)
- Lamellidens unioides Nesemann & G.Sharma, 2007
- Lamellidens vredenburgi Prashad, 1921
- Parreysia
- Pseudoscabies Bolotov, Sonowal, Kardong, Pasupuleti and Subba Rao
- Pseudoscabies Bolotov, Sonowal, Kardong, Pasupuleti & Subba Rao, 2024[10]
- Radiatula C.T.Simpson, 1900
- Radiatula chaudhurii (Preston, 1912)
- Radiatula chindwinensis Bolotov et al., 2019
- Radiatula crispisulcata (W.H.Benson, 1862)
- Radiatula humilis (I.Lea, 1856)
- Radiatula jimuriensis (Takayasu, Gurung & Matsuoka, 1995)
- Radiatula kachinensis Bolotov, Konopleva, Nyein Chan, Zau Lunn, Kondakov & Vikhrev, 2022
- Radiatula kohlii (Sahni & Bhatnagar, 1957)
- Radiatula mouhoti Vikhrev, Bolotov & Konopleva, 2017[11]
- Radiatula myitkyinae (Prashad, 1930)
- Radiatula myitthanensis Bolotov et al., 2019
- Radiatula pilata (I.Lea, 1866)
- Radiatula tenella (Takayasu, Gurung & Matsuoka, 1995)
- Trapezoideus
- 只在中东
- Leguminaia
- Pseudodontopsis
- 只在新畿内亚
- 只在北美洲
- Actinonaias
- Alasmidonta
- Amblema
- Anodontoides
- Arcidens
- Cyclonaias
- 强膨蚌属 Cyprogenia
- 走蚌属 Dromus
- Ellipsaria
- Elliptio
- Elliptoideus
- Epioblasma
- 水蚌属 Fusconaia
- Glebula
- Gonidea
- Hamiota
- Hemistena
- 美丽蚌属 Lampsilis
- Lasmigona
- Lemiox
- Leptodea
- Lexingtonia
- Ligumia
- Medionidus
- Megalonaias
- Obliquaria
- Obovaria
- Pegias
- Plectomerus
- Plethobasus
- 侧底蚌属 Pleurobema
- Pleuronaia Frierson, 1927
- Pleuronaia barnesiana (I.Lea, 1838)
- Pleuronaia dolabelloides (I.Lea, 1840)
- Pleuronaia gibber (I.Lea, 1838)
- Pleuronaia neomexicana (Stanton, 1916)
- 翼蚌属 Potamilus Rafinesque, 1818
- Ptychobranchus
- Pyganodon
- Pyganodon cataracta (Say, 1817)
- Pyganodon fragilis (Lamarck, 1819)
- Pyganodon gibbosa (Say, 1824)
- Pyganodon grandis (Say, 1829)
- Pyganodon lacustris (I.Lea, 1857)
- 方蚌属 Quadrula
- Quincuncina
- Simpsonaias
- Strophitus
- Toxolasma
- Truncilla
- Uniomerus
- Utterbackia
- Venustaconcha
- Villosa
- 未定：
- Trapezidens Bolotov, Vikhrev & Konopleva, 2017
- Trapezidens angustior (Hanley & Theobald, 1876)
- Trapezidens dolichorhynchus (Tapparone Canefri, 1889)
- Trapezidens exolescens (A.Gould, 1843)
- Trapezidens mogaungensis Bolotov, Konopleva, Nyein Chan, Zau Lunn, Kondakov & Vikhrev, 2022
- Trapezidens obesa (Hanley & Theobald, 1876)，为Trapezidens dolichorhynchus (Tapparone Canefri, 1889)的异名
- Trapezidens obesa feae Kondakov, Konopleva et Vikhrev， 2017
- Trapezidens scutum (G.B.Sowerby II, 1868)
- Trapezidens yeti Konopleva, Bolotov, Kondakov, Kononov, Gofarov, Tomilova, Lunn, Chan, Win & Vikhrev, 2020
Huber, Markus. Compendium of Bivalves. A Full-color Guide to 3'300 of the World's Marine Bivalves. A Status on Bivalvia after 250 Years of Research. Hackenheim: ConchBooks. 2010: 901 pp. + CD. ISBN 978-3-939767-28-2. Ekgachai Jeratthitikul, Chirasak Sutcharit, Peng Bun Ngor and Pongpun Prasankok. 2021. Molecular Phylogeny reveals A New Genus of Freshwater Mussels from the Mekong River Basin (Bivalvia: Unionidae). European Journal of Taxonomy. 775(1), 119-142. DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.775.1553
中国糙蚌属二新种(瓣鳃纲:蚌科). 《动物分类学报》. 1991年, (03期).
Ivan N. Bolotov, Jyotish Sonowal, Devid Kardong, Rajeev Pasupuleti, Nalluri V. Subba Rao, Suresh Kumar Unnikrishnan, Mikhail Y. Gofarov, Alexander V. Kondakov, Ekaterina S. Konopleva, Artem A. Lyubas and Ilya V. Vikhrev. 2024. Discovery of an Endemism Hotspot of Freshwater Mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) in Assam, with A Description of Two New Genera. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. zlae052. DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae052
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Bolotov17的参考文献提供内容
