多数资料表示舒沙建于1750年代,由卡拉巴赫汗国的开国君主帕那·阿里汗(英语:Panah Ali Khan)建立,[3]同时还建造了舒沙堡。这是帕那·阿里汗与当地亚美尼亚亲王(melik)、瓦兰达(Varanda)的梅利克·沙纳扎(英语:Melik Shahnazar II)结盟的成果。[4]在这些文献中,镇名的起源据称是附近一个叫Shushikend(Shosh)的亚美尼亚人村落。另外还有资料表示舒沙在1720年代成为自治的亚美尼亚小国卡拉巴赫公国的重要中心,还有指高原上已经有古代的亚美尼亚人堡垒。[5]从18世纪中到1822年,这里是卡拉巴赫汗国的首都。经过19世纪上半俄罗斯南侵高加索打败伊朗卡扎尔王朝,这里成为南高加索的文化中心。[6]在19世纪,该镇的规模不断扩大,成为一座城市,是许多亚美尼亚和阿塞拜疆知识分子、诗人、作家和音乐家(包括阿塞拜疆族吟游诗人(ashiks)、木卡姆(mugham)歌手和科布扎(kobuz)演奏者)的家园。[7][8]
19世纪格鲁吉亚学者亚历山大·萨加里(英语:Alexander von Zagareli)的著作《Letters and other historical documents of the 18th century regarding Georgia, Vol. 1》包含一封1769年格鲁吉亚国王希拉克略二世发给俄罗斯外交官彼得·帕宁(英语:Petr Ivanovich Panin)的信,表示“有一座Khamsa(卡拉巴赫)亲王国境内的古老堡垒”遭到“征服,用计征服”,征服者是“一位贾万希尔部族(Javanshir)的回教徒。”[34]同样是关于该“古老”堡垒的消息得到二次文献,俄罗斯元帅亚历山大·苏沃洛夫给格里高利·普谭金的信的确认。[38][39]苏沃洛夫写道,亚美尼亚亲王瓦兰达的梅利克·沙纳扎把他的堡垒“Shushikala”(舒沙堡)放弃了,交给了“某一个叫‘帕那(英语:Panah Ali Khan)’的人”,他说这个人“居住在卡拉巴赫边界附近的一个不重要的游牧穆斯林的首领。”[38]当提及18世纪的卡拉巴赫和舒沙,俄国外交官兼历史学家布罗涅夫斯基(S.M. Bronevskiy)在他的“历史笔记”写道,舒沙堡本来是梅利克-沙纳扎里安家族的财产,为了防范其他的亚美尼亚卡拉巴赫亲王国(英语:Melikdoms of Karabakh)而交给了帕那·阿里汗(英语:Panah Ali Khan)。[40]俄国历史学家巴特科夫(P. G. Butkov;1775–1857)写道,梅利克-沙纳扎里安的亲王在达成联盟后把“舒沙村”交给了帕那·阿里汗,而帕那·阿里汗巩固了村庄。[41][42]传教士约瑟夫·沃尔夫(1795–1862)在中东传道期间,到访了“Shushee(舒沙),在亚美尼亚大部的卡拉巴赫省”。[43]
虽然帕那·阿里汗早已与伊朗沙阿纳迪尔沙有冲突,新沙阿阿迪尔·沙阿仍然颁令承认帕那·阿里为卡拉巴赫汗王。[51]舒沙建城不足一年,伊朗的王位竞争者穆罕默德·哈桑汗·卡扎尔(Mohammad Hasan Khan Qajar)就起兵攻打卡拉巴赫汗国。萨非王朝年间,卡拉巴赫汗国有将近两世纪被卡扎尔部族(突厥人背景)之下的齐亚德-奥格鲁家族(Ziyad-oglu)统治,[52]所以穆罕默德·哈桑汗将卡拉巴赫视为他可继承的领地。[48][50][53][54]
当该镇被亚美尼亚人控制,一些博物馆在那里经营:国家美术博物馆、G. A. Gabrielyants国家地质博物馆、舒沙历史博物馆、舒沙地毯博物馆和舒沙艺术博物馆。[107]
舒沙历史博物馆是在历史街区的中心,一座19世纪的大宅。它有一系列展品反映舒沙的古今。[107]博物馆的藏品包含许多民族志素材,包括当地大师的商品。该博物馆包含家庭用品、照片和复制品,展示了19世纪舒沙居民的生活。还有一些区域专门介绍1920年舒沙大屠杀和1992年亚美尼亚军队攻占舒沙。G. A. Gabrielyants国家地质博物馆于2014年在舒沙开放,在塔扎·玛哈拉清真寺的建筑中。它由亚美尼亚地质学家Grigori Gabrielyants创立,故名。它有480块来自世界47个国家的矿石和化石样本。[107]
当该镇在亚美尼亚人的控制之下,舒沙复兴基金——ArmeniaFund——以及阿尔察赫共和国政府正在努力振兴该市的经济。[138]对旅游业的投资促成了Shushi Hotel、Avan Shushi Plaza Hotel和Shushi Grand Hotel的开业。还开设了一个旅游信息办公室,[139]这是阿尔察赫共和国的第一个。剩下两座亚美尼亚教堂(圣救主主教座堂和施洗者圣约翰教堂(英语:Kanach Zham))得到翻新,学校、博物馆,以及Naregatsi艺术学院(Naregatsi Art Institute)都开办了。
Raffi. The Five Melikdoms of Karabagh. The Adventures of Hovsep Emin. Calcutta. 1918: 335 [2021-09-22]. (原始内容存档于2021-09-26). Shahnazar needed an ally, and he found one ready to his hand in the Jevanshir ... the two constructed a fort on the banks of the river Karkar as quickly as they could in the intervals of fighting the four Meliks. Shahnazar laid the foundation stone, and the fortress was completed in 1752, the people of the village of Shoshi were brought to live there, and it was named Shoshi or Shushi fortress
Krunk Hayots Ashkharhin. 8 (1863): p. 622, cited in Магалян, Артак. Арцахские меликства и возникновение Карабахского ханства [The melikates of Artsakh and the emergence of the Karabakh Khanate]. Айрапетов, О. Р.; Йованович, Мирослав; Колеров, М. А.; Меннинг, Брюс; Чейсти, Пол (编). Русский Сборник Исследования По Истории России(PDF)VIII. Модест Колеров. 2010: 13–14. ISBN 978-5-91150-034-4. (原始内容(PDF)存档于2012-11-19). Shahnazar, Melik of Varanda, fearing the alliance between the Melik of Charaberd Adam and the Melik of Gyulistan Hovsep, became friends with Panah Khan and gave him his settlement, the fortress of Shusha, as well as his daughter as wife.
Mattew O'Brien. Uzeir Hajibeyov and His Role in the Development of Musical Life in Azerbaijan. – Routledge, 2004. – С. 211. – ISBN0-415-30219-6, 9780415302197
The 1823 Russian Survey of the Karabagh Province: A Primary Source on the Demography and Economy of Karabagh in the Early 19th Century, trans. George A. Bournoutian. Costa Mesa, CA: Mazda Publishers, 2011.
The Nagorno-Karabagh Crisis: A Blueprint for Resolution(PDF). Public International Law & Policy Group and the New England School of Law: 3. June 2000 [2007-11-11]. (原始内容(PDF)存档于2004-03-28). In August 1919, the Karabagh National Council entered into a provisional treaty agreement with the Azerbaijani government. Despite signing the Agreement, the Azerbaijani government continuously violated the terms of the treaty. This culminated in March 1920 with the Azerbaijanis' massacre of Armenians in Karabagh's former capital, Shushi, in which it is estimated that more than 20,000 Armenians were killed.
Muth, Sebastian. Language Removal, Commodification and the Negotiation of Cultural Identity in Nagorno-Karabakh. Conflict, Exclusion and Dissent in the Linguistic Landscape. Palgrave Macmillan UK. 2016. ISBN 978-1-137-42627-7.
Lori Khatchadourian; Ian Lindsay; Adam T. Smith. Caucasus Heritage Watch: Monitoring Report #1. Cornell Institute of Archaeology and Material Studies: Cornell University: 19. June 2021 [2021-11-04]. (原始内容存档于2021-07-07). In sum, there are real and present threats to the integrity of the heritage landscape of Nagorno Karabakh that result from a range of factors from development work undertaken without sufficient attention to heritage sites to intentional acts against Armenian monuments.
Armenian Foreign Ministry Decries Azerbaijani Mutilation of Shushi Ghazanchetsots Cathedral. hetq.am. 2021-05-04 [2021-09-07]. (原始内容存档于2021-09-07). The actions being carried out by Azerbaijan at the Ghazanchetsots Cathedral of the Holy Savior in Shushi are deplorable, as there are already many precedents for the destruction of Armenian places of worship, monuments, as well as for justification of such actions. Armenia’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Շուշի. Հայաստանի եւ հարակից շրջանների տեղանունների բառարան [Dictionary of toponymy of Armenia and adjacent territories] 4. Yerevan: Yerevan State University Publishing House: 161. 1998 [2021-11-19]. (原始内容存档于2021-11-19) (亚美尼亚语).
Армяно-русские отношения в XVIII веке. Т. IV. С. 212, as cited in Магалян, Артак. Арцахские меликства и возникновение Карабахского ханства [The melikates of Artsakh and the emergence of the Karabakh Khanate]. Айрапетов, О. Р.; Йованович, Мирослав; Колеров, М. А.; Меннинг, Брюс; Чейсти, Пол (编). Русский Сборник Исследования По Истории России [Russian collection of research on the history of Russia](PDF)VIII. Модест Колеров. 2010: 13–14. ISBN 978-5-91150-034-4. (原始内容(PDF)存档于2012-11-19). In [Archbishop Hovsep] Argutyan's letter to General Pavel Potemkin dated January 28, 1783, we read: 'The council of Melik Adam, Melik Hovsep and Melik Esai was united, but among them was the schismatic Melik Shahnazar, who was a cunning man, faithless and unfit for good deeds, treacherous and traitorous towards his brothers. A certain tribe called Javanshir comes to Karabakh, like homeless wanderers on the land, doing robbery and wandering in tents, the leader of which was named Panah Khan. Melik Shahnazar, cunning in his evil deeds, called him to help him, obeyed him of his own free will and handed over his fortress.'
Bournoutian, George A. Armenians and Russia, 1626-1796: A Documentary Record. Costa Mesa, CA: Mazda Publishers, 2001, Armenian Military Activities in Karabakh and Ghapan, pages 402-413
Нерсисян, М. Г. II. Бумаги А. В. Суворова об Армении, Закавказье и Персии - Рапорты А. В. Суворова князю Г. А. Потемкину [II. A. V. Suvorov's papers about Armenia, Transcaucasian and Persia - A. V. Suvorov's reports to Prince G. A. Potemkin]. А.В. Суворов и русско-армянские отношения в 1770-1780-х годах [A. V. Suvorov and Russian-Armenian relations in the 1770s-1780s]. Yerevan: Айастан. 1981: 130. (原始内容存档于2009-02-28). Мелик Шах-Назар может собрать войска близ 1000 человек; сей предатель своего отечества призвал Панахана, бывшего прежде начальником не знатной части кочующих магометан близ границ карабагских, отдал ему в руки свой крепкий замок Шушикала и учинился ему с его сигнагом покорным.
S.M.Bronesvskiy. Historical Notes...互联网档案馆的存档,存档日期2009-02-12. St. Petersburg,1996. Исторические выписки о сношениях России с Персиею, Грузиею и вообще с горскими народами, в Кавказе обитающими, со времён Ивана Васильевича доныне». СПб. 1996, секция "Карабаг". Bronesvskiy writes: "Мелик Шахназор призвал к себе на помощь владетеля кочующаго чавонширскаго народа Фона хана и здал ему крепость Шуши."
Бутков, П. Г. Материалы для новой истории Кавказа с 1722 по 1803 год. Saint Petersburg. 1869. ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ М. к стр. 236. Archived copy. [2013-11-04]. (原始内容存档于2013-10-19).
Also see Walker Christopher "The Armenian Presence in Mountainous Karabakh" in "Transcaucasian Boundaries" (SOAS/GRC Geopolitics) edited by John Wright, Richard Schofield, Suzanne Goldenberg, 1995 p. 93 "South of Khachen lay the small territory of Varanda, originally part of its southern neighbour, Dizak, and only given a separate identity in the early sixteenth century. The ruling family, confirmed in that capacity by Shah Abbas I, was that of the Melik Shahnazarians. In the territory of Varanda lies the modern town of Shushi (or Shusha)"
Bournoutian George A. A History of Qarabagh: An Annotated Translation of Mirza Jamal Javanshir Qarabaghi's Tarikh-E Qarabagh. Costa Mesa, CA: Mazda Publishers, 1994, p. 72. The original text by Mirza Jamal Javanshir calls the village "Shoshi."
Tapper, Richard. Frontier Nomads of Iran: A Political and Social History of the Shahsevan. Cambridge University Press. 1997: 114–115. ISBN 0-521-47340-3.
Bournoutian, George A. A History of Qarabagh: An Annotated Translation of Mirza Jamal Javanshir Qarabaghi's Tarikh-E Qarabagh. Costa Mesa, CA: Mazda Publishers, 1994, page 18
Mutafian, Claude. Karabagh in the Twentieth Century. Chorbajian, Levon; Donabedian, Patrick; Mutafian, Claude (编). The Caucasian Knot: the History and Geopolitics of Nagorno-Karabakh. London: Zed Books. 1994: 124–126 [2021-02-04]. ISBN 1856492885. (原始内容存档于2021-09-07). In November the Karabagh Armenians rejected proposals for further submission presented by an Azerbaijani governmental delegation which demonstrated the weakness of the August accords... Sultanov took control of the Karkar Valley while massacring the Armenian population of several villages on 22 February, including Khankend (present-day Stepanakert).
Mutafyan Claude (1994) "Karabagh in the twentieth century." In Chorbajyan Levon, Donabedian Patrick and Mutafian Claude (eds.) The Caucasian Knot: The History and geo-politics of Nagorno-Karabakh. London: Zed Books, pp. 109–170.
(俄语) Институт Истории АН Армении, Главное архивное управление при СМ Республики Армения, Кафедра истории армянского народла Ереванского Государственного Университета. Нагорный Карабах в 1918-1923 гг. Сборник документов и материалов. Ереван, 1992. Документ No.443: из письма члена компартии Азербайджана Оджахкули Мусаева правительству РСФСР. стр. 638-639 (Institute of History of the Academy of Sciences of Armenia, the Main archival department at Ministerial council of Republic Armenia, Faculty of history of Armenian people of the Yerevan State University. Nagorny Karabakh per 1918–1923. Collection of documents and materials. Yerevan, 1992. The document №443: from the letter of a member of the communist party of Azerbaijan Ojahkuli Musaev to the government of RSFSR. рр. 638–639)
Ṛuben Tʻerlemezyan. Haykakan zhoghovrdakan yerger[Armenian folk songs]. Yerevan: Petakan Hratarakchʻutʻyun. 1935 [2021-10-05]. OCLC 62180596. (原始内容存档于2021-10-05). His hometown of Shushi ( a.k.a. Shusha) is in Karabakh (Gharabagh) the easternmost region of Historic Armenia.
Grikor Suni. Henrik Bakhchinyan , 编. Armenian Music(PDF). 由Dickran and Anahit Toumajan翻译. Yerevan: Museum of Literature and Art. 2005: 126–128 [2021-10-05]. ISBN 99930-60-59-3. (原始内容存档(PDF)于2021-10-05).
Statistical yearbook of NKR 2003–2009(PDF). stat-nkr.am. National Statistical Service of Nagorno-Karabakh Republic: 37. [2011-09-16]. (原始内容存档(PDF)于2011-08-27).
"Description of the Karabakh province prepared in 1823 according to the order of the governor in Georgia Yermolov by state advisor Mogilevsky and colonel Yermolov 2nd," as quoted above
Amirbayov, Elchin. "Shusha's Pivotal Role in a Nagorno-Karabagh Settlement" in Dr. Brenda Shaffer (ed.), Policy Brief Number 6, Cambridge, MA: Caspian Studies Program, Harvard University, December 2001, Archived copy. [2006-09-01]. (原始内容存档于2006-09-01)..
Fatullayev, Eynulla. "Карабахский дневник" азербайджанского журналиста. Novoye Vremya. 2012-01-19 [2015-09-21]. (原始内容存档于2015-12-08) (俄语). Как ни странно, но Шушу в основном заселили бакинские армяне, и в целом город сохранил свой традиционно интеллигентный состав населения. Всюду в Шуше я встречал тепло и ностальгию бакинцев по старому Баку.
Antanesian, Vahe. Շուշի [Shushi]. Asbarez. 2014-05-08 [2015-09-21]. (原始内容存档于2015-12-08) (亚美尼亚语). Շուշիում ներկայումս բնակւում է 3000 մարդ, որոնք հիմնականում փախստականներ են Բաքուից:
Beglarian, Ashot. Karabakh: A Tale of Two Cities. Institute for War and Peace Reporting. 2007-06-15 [2015-09-21]. (原始内容存档于2015-12-08). Now Baku’s Armenians are scattered all over the world, with many in Shusha. Saryan noted that Shusha is also home to Armenians who lost their homes in Mardakert and Hadrut...
Bardsley, Daniel. Shusha breathes new life after years of strife. The National (Abu Dhabi). 2009-07-21 [2017-02-28]. (原始内容存档于2017-03-01). Now, the only residents of Shusha are 4,000 Armenians; all of the Azeris fled during the fighting.