环丙基甲醛是一种有机化合物,化学式为C4H6O,是环丙烷的一个氢被甲酰基取代的产物。它是无色至黄色的液体,可溶于水及一些有机溶剂。
Quick Facts 环丙基甲醛, 识别 ...
环丙基甲醛
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IUPAC名 cyclopropanecarbaldehyde
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英文名
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Cyclopropanecarboxaldehyde
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别名
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环丙甲醛 甲酰基环丙烷
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识别
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CAS号
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1489-69-6 Y
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PubChem
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123114
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SMILES
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InChI
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- 1S/C4H6O/c5-3-4-1-2-4/h3-4H,1-2H2
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InChIKey
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JMYVMOUINOAAPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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性质
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化学式
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C4H6O
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摩尔质量
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70.09 g·mol−1
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外观
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无色液体
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密度
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0.938 g·cm−3[1]
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沸点
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98—101 °C(371—374 K)[2]
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溶解性(水)
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可溶
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危险性
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GHS提示词
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危险
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H-术语
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H225, H314
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P-术语
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P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P264, P280, P301+330+331, P303+361+353, P304+340, P305+351+338, P310
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相关物质
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相关化学品
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环丁基甲醛 环戊基甲醛 环己基甲醛
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若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。
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环丙基甲醛可由9-硼杂双环[3.3.1]壬烷[3]、二(二乙氨基)氢化铝[4]、1,1,2-三甲基丙基溴代甲硼烷二甲基硫醚配合物[5]等还原剂还原环丙基甲酸制得。高碘酸[6]、重铬酸钠[7]、3-亚碘酰苯甲酸[8]、硝酸铈铵[9]、氧气[10]等氧化剂氧化环丙基甲醇也能得到环丙基甲醛。
丁二酸二乙酯的酮醇缩合反应可以得到2-羟基环丁酮[11],它可以被氢化铝锂还原为1,2-环丁二醇,再在三氟化硼二丁醚缩环,可以得到环丙基甲醛:[12]
![Thumb](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/CPCA_aus_2-Hydroxycyclobutanon.svg/320px-CPCA_aus_2-Hydroxycyclobutanon.svg.png)
2,3-二氢呋喃在加热、加压下经氧化铝催化下发生重排反应,也能得到环丙基甲醛,副产物是反式巴豆醛:[13]
![Thumb](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/CPCA_aus_2%2C3-Dihydrofuran.svg/320px-CPCA_aus_2%2C3-Dihydrofuran.svg.png)
环丙基甲醛可以发生醛的特征反应,如加氢还原为环丙基甲醇[14]或氧化为环丙基甲酸[15];它和苄胺在对甲苯磺酸的催化下缩合,得到N-(环丙基亚甲基)苄胺[16],在该体系中,加入二硼酸可以将亚胺加氢为胺[17];和氰乙酸乙酯发生Knoevenagel缩合反应,生成2-氰基-3-环丙基-2-丙烯酸乙酯。[18]在三氟化硼乙醚的存在下,它和2-叠氮基乙醇于二氯甲烷中反应,可以得到2-环丙基-4,5-二氢𫫇唑。[19]
它和二环戊基锌反应,可以得到α-环丙基环戊基甲醇。[20]
环丙基甲醛和正丙胺缩合后氢化,得到N-(环丙基甲基)丙胺,它再与4-氯-3,5-二硝基三氟甲苯反应,可以得到除草剂环丙氟灵:[21]
![Thumb](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Synthese_von_Profluralin.svg/320px-Synthese_von_Profluralin.svg.png)
以环丙基甲醛为原料可以合成环丙基乙炔。它首先和三氯乙酸反应,得到α-三氯甲基环丙基甲醇,经对甲基苯基磺酰氯(TsCl)转化为对甲苯磺酸酯,所得的酯再与甲基锂反应,水解后生成环丙基乙炔。[22]
![Thumb](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Cyclopropylacetylen_%C3%BCber_Trichlormethylalkohol.svg/320px-Cyclopropylacetylen_%C3%BCber_Trichlormethylalkohol.svg.png)
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