这一时期最为重要的纪念建筑便是建于城区中心的金字塔神庙和宫殿[56]。在纪念碑上镌刻象形文字的作法广泛流行于古典期玛雅世界[57],这些碑文记录了大量的历史信息,包括君主世系、联盟关系以及其他的城邦交流史[58]。铭文石碑和低矮的圆形祭坛被视为古典期玛雅文明的重要标志[59]。在古典期,几乎每个中部低地城邦都会在城区中央建造石碑[60]。金石学家大卫·斯图尔特(英语:David Stuart (Mayanist))最早提出,玛雅人将石碑称为“石树”(te tun),不过后来他将这一说法修改为“旗石”(lakamtun)[61]。根据斯图尔特的说法,旗石所指的正是玛雅城区中央树立的石碑,亦体现于当时的涂鸦艺术中[62]。树立石碑的主要目的是赞颂君主[63]。
后古典期玛雅文明和此前古典期相比,发生了较大的城邦分布变化,这也是后古典期的重要特点之一[82]。危地马拉谷地曾一度强盛的卡米纳尔胡尤销声匿迹,其近两千年历史在后古典期终结[83]。在高地和太平洋沿岸地区,一些历史悠久的城市居于暴露地带,因战乱而发生迁移。新的城址大多处于山沟环绕的山顶位置,四周建有沟渠和城墙,构成易守难攻的防御配置[83]。北部的许多城邦也建有防御用的城墙,包括查克乔布(Chacchob)、奇琴伊察、库卡(Cuca)、埃克巴拉姆(英语:Ek Balam)、玛雅潘、穆纳(Muna)、图卢姆、乌斯马尔和亚舒纳(英语:Yaxuna)[84]。库马尔卡赫(英语:Q'umarkaj)是后古典期危地马拉高地的重要城邦之一,是好战的基切王国(英语:K'iche' kingdom of Q'umarkaj)的都城[82]。后古典时期的玛雅城邦,北起尤卡坦半岛,南至危地马拉高地,通常由一组精英施行集体统治,但实际上在这一集体中常常会有地位最高的统治角色,其他成员仅担当顾问[85]。
到20世纪晚期,玛雅文字的解读工作取得较多进展。海因里希·柏林、塔季扬娜·普洛斯库里亚科娃(英语:Tatiana Proskouriakoff)、尤里·克诺罗索夫是当时玛雅文字研究领域的先驱[124]。玛雅文字的解读工作自20世纪50年代取得突破起进展很快。在20世纪60年代,著名玛雅学家J·埃里克·S·汤普森(英语:J. Eric S. Thompson)曾提出,玛雅遗迹所代表的城市只不过是空洞的宗教崇拜中心,玛雅人散布在广大的丛林当中,由一群并不善战的祭司兼天文学者施行集体统治[125]。但是随着文字破译工作的进展,玛雅文字所记载的古典时代玛雅君主的好战事迹重新为世人所知,汤普森的言论不攻自破[126]。
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