无教派穆斯林

无教派穆斯林^[1]是指不属于一个明确伊斯兰教派的穆斯林。^[2]无教派穆斯林可以指向《古兰经》仪姆兰的家属（英语：Al Imran）第103节来捍卫这一立场，即要求穆斯林保持团结不要分离。^[3]在各种调查中，当问及其属于哪个教派时，这些穆斯林通常会自我认定为“只是一个穆斯林”。^[4]^[5]在获得明确的解释之前，这些穆斯林会自己对教义（包括经文和圣训）进行推理判断（英语：Qiyas）或考虑大多数伊斯兰学者的意见。在英语中，这种意识形态的穆斯林还有一个Just Muslim的称呼。^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]

概述

人口统计

在至少22个国家中至少五分之一的穆斯林为无教派穆斯林。根据皮尤研究中心的宗教信仰与公共生活项目，有着最多无教派穆斯林人口的国家是哈萨克斯坦，占比达到74%。报告还指出，在9个国家的穆斯林人口中，无教派穆斯林占多数（在另外3个国家占相对多数）：阿尔巴尼亚共和国 (65%)、吉尔吉斯共和国 (64%)、科索沃共和国 (58%)、印度尼西亚共和国 (56%)、马利共和国 (55%)、波士尼亚与赫塞哥维纳 (54%)、乌兹别克斯坦共和国 (54%)、亚塞拜然共和国 (45%)、俄罗斯联邦 (45%)和奈及利亚联邦共和国 (42%)。其它占比较高的国家是：喀麦隆共和国 (40%), 突尼西亚共和国（40％），几内亚比索共和国（36％），乌干达共和国（33％），摩洛哥王国（30％），塞内加尔共和国（27％），查德共和国（23％），衣索比亚联邦民主共和国（23％），赖比瑞亚共和国（22％），尼日共和国（20％）和坦尚尼亚联合共和国（20％）。^[4]不过，这些数字可能会产生误导，应采取谨慎态度，因为其中大部分国家都有一个占主导地位的伊斯兰教派，如逊尼派和什叶派，还有一些缺乏竞争力的教派。这些国家的大部分穆斯林选择只认同自己是穆斯林，而不是自称属于一个特定的教派。

代表人物

贾迈勒丁·阿富汗尼^[11]

参见

非宗派教会

参考资料

[1]
Ngaima, Samuel. Factors to the Liberian National Conflict: Views of the Liberian Expatriates. 2014: 17.
[2]
Benakis, Theodoros. Islamophoobia in Europe!. New Europe (Brussels). 13 January 2014 [20 October 2015]. （原始内容存档于2016-01-31）. ... the non-denominational Muslims – those who are neither Shiites nor Sounites, but who accept Islam as a religion generally.
[3]
Intra-Societal Tension and National Integration, p 119, A. Jamil Qadri - 1988
[4]
Chapter 1: Religious Affiliation. The World’s Muslims: Unity and Diversity. Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. August 9, 2012 [4 September 2013]. （原始内容存档于2016-12-26）.
[5]
Burns, Robert. Christianity, Islam, and the West. : 55 [2015-12-10]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-16）. 40 per cent called themselves "just a Muslim" according to the Council of American-Islamic relations
[6]
Mustapha, Abdul. Sects & Social Disorder. 2014: 5 [2015-12-10]. （原始内容存档于2020-09-19）. of Muslims identified themselves as Sunni, 12 per cent as Shi'a, 3 per cent as Ahmadiyya but 44 per cent as 'just Muslim' (Pew Forum, 2010)
[7]
Muttitt, Greg. Fuel on the Fire: Oil and Politics in Occupied Iraq. 2012: 79 [2015-12-10]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-16）. A January 2004 survey by the Iraq Centre for Research and Strategic Studies, for instance, asked people which description suited them best Sunni Muslim, Shi'a Muslim or just Muslim'.
[8]
Boulting, Ned. On the Road Bike: The Search For a Nation’s Cycling Soul. : 155. What is your religion, asked a UN official. Muslim. Are you Shi'a or Sunni. Just Muslim
[9]
Tatari, Eren. Muslims in British Local Government: Representing Minority Interests in Hackney, Newham and Tower Hamlets. 2014: 111 [2015-12-10]. （原始内容存档于2020-07-29）. Nineteen said that they are Sunni Muslims, six said they are just Muslim without specifying a sect, two said they are Ahmadi, and two said their families are Alevi
[10]
Lopez, Ralph. Truth in the Age of Bushism. 2008: 65 [2015-12-10]. （原始内容存档于2020-08-03）. Many Iraqis take offense at reporters' efforts to identify them as Sunni or Shiite. A 2004 Iraq Centre for Research and Strategic Studies poll found the largest category of Iraqis classified themselves as "just Muslim."
[11]
Cughtai, Muhammad Ikram. Jamāl Al-Dīn Al-Afghāni: An Apostle of Islamic Resurgence. 2005: 454. Condemning the historically prevailing trend of blindly imitating religious leaders, al- Afghani revised to identity himself with a specific sect or imam by insisting that he was just a Muslim and a scholar with his own interpretation of Islam.

[1] [1]
Ngaima, Samuel. Factors to the Liberian National Conflict: Views of the Liberian Expatriates. 2014: 17.

[2] [2]
Benakis, Theodoros. Islamophoobia in Europe!. New Europe (Brussels). 13 January 2014 [20 October 2015]. （原始内容存档于2016-01-31）. ... the non-denominational Muslims – those who are neither Shiites nor Sounites, but who accept Islam as a religion generally.

[3] [3]
Intra-Societal Tension and National Integration, p 119, A. Jamil Qadri - 1988

[Pew-4] [4]
Chapter 1: Religious Affiliation. The World’s Muslims: Unity and Diversity. Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. August 9, 2012 [4 September 2013]. （原始内容存档于2016-12-26）.

[5] [5]
Burns, Robert. Christianity, Islam, and the West. : 55 [2015-12-10]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-16）. 40 per cent called themselves "just a Muslim" according to the Council of American-Islamic relations

[6] [6]
Mustapha, Abdul. Sects & Social Disorder. 2014: 5 [2015-12-10]. （原始内容存档于2020-09-19）. of Muslims identified themselves as Sunni, 12 per cent as Shi'a, 3 per cent as Ahmadiyya but 44 per cent as 'just Muslim' (Pew Forum, 2010)

[7] [7]
Muttitt, Greg. Fuel on the Fire: Oil and Politics in Occupied Iraq. 2012: 79 [2015-12-10]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-16）. A January 2004 survey by the Iraq Centre for Research and Strategic Studies, for instance, asked people which description suited them best Sunni Muslim, Shi'a Muslim or just Muslim'.

[8] [8]
Boulting, Ned. On the Road Bike: The Search For a Nation’s Cycling Soul. : 155. What is your religion, asked a UN official. Muslim. Are you Shi'a or Sunni. Just Muslim

[9] [9]
Tatari, Eren. Muslims in British Local Government: Representing Minority Interests in Hackney, Newham and Tower Hamlets. 2014: 111 [2015-12-10]. （原始内容存档于2020-07-29）. Nineteen said that they are Sunni Muslims, six said they are just Muslim without specifying a sect, two said they are Ahmadi, and two said their families are Alevi

[10] [10]
Lopez, Ralph. Truth in the Age of Bushism. 2008: 65 [2015-12-10]. （原始内容存档于2020-08-03）. Many Iraqis take offense at reporters' efforts to identify them as Sunni or Shiite. A 2004 Iraq Centre for Research and Strategic Studies poll found the largest category of Iraqis classified themselves as "just Muslim."

[11] [11]
Cughtai, Muhammad Ikram. Jamāl Al-Dīn Al-Afghāni: An Apostle of Islamic Resurgence. 2005: 454. Condemning the historically prevailing trend of blindly imitating religious leaders, al- Afghani revised to identity himself with a specific sect or imam by insisting that he was just a Muslim and a scholar with his own interpretation of Islam.

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